noaa-cave-23098 Soreq Cave, Israel Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data 2.2-0.9 ky BP Orland, I.J.; Bar-Matthews, M.; Kita, N.T.; Ayalon, A.; Matthews, A.; Valley, J.W. Soreq Cave, Israel Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data 2.2-0.9 ky BP 2017-11-07 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23098 Investigator I.J. Orland Investigator M. Bar-Matthews Investigator N.T. Kita Investigator A. Ayalon Investigator A. Matthews Investigator J.W. Valley earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 18O,calcite,two standard deviations,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,multiple collector secondary ion mass spectrometry,N,spot-to-spot reproducibility; 10um-diameter analysis spots earth science paleoclimate speleothems age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,present defined as 1950 CE; age model is a linear interpolation between U-Th ages with data that are not bracketed by ages assigned a growth rate equal to the average growth rate across all 8 ages earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 18O,calcite,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,multiple collector secondary ion mass spectrometry,N,10um-diameter analysis spots earth science paleoclimate speleothems oxygen isotopes geoscientificInformation 2142 cal yr BP 894 cal yr BP Complete 31.45 31.45 35.03 35.03 400 400 Continent Asia Western Asia Middle East Israel Soreq Cave>LATITUDE 31.45>LONGITUDE 35.03 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Ian J. Orland, Miryam Bar-Matthews, Noriko T. Kita, Avner Ayalon, Alan Matthews, John W. Valley 2009 Quaternary Research 71 1 27-35 10.1016/j.yqres.2008.08.005

Analysis of oxygen isotope ratios (d18O) by ion microprobe resolves a sub-annual climate record for the Eastern Mediterranean from a Soreq Cave stalagmite that grew between 2.2 and 0.9 ka. In contrast to conventional drill-sampling methods that yield a total variation of 1.0 permil in d18Ocalcite values across our sample, the methods described here reveal up to 2.15 permil variation within single annual growth bands. Values of d18O measured by ion microprobe vary in a regular saw-tooth pattern that correlates with annual, fluorescent growth banding where calcite grades from light to dark fluorescence. Modern records of precipitation and of cave dripwater indicate that variable d18Ocalcite values record regular seasonal differences in d18Orainfall modified by mixing in the vadose zone. Large differences in d18O values measured across a single band (i.e., between the dark and light fluorescent calcite, or Delta18Odark-light) are interpreted to indicate wetter years, while smaller differences represent drier years. Oxygen isotopes record: 1) month-scale growth increments, 2) changes in Delta18Odark-light that represent seasonality, 3) a systematic, long-term decrease in maximum Delta18Odark-light values, and 4) an overall increase in average d18Ocalcite values through time. These results suggest a drying of regional climate that coincides with the decline of the Roman and Byzantine Empires in the Levant region. STUDY NOTES: Oxygen isotope data and age model from sample 2-6 of Soreq Cave near Jerusalem, Israel

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/israel/soreq2009d18o.txt Formatted Text Data File; Soreq Cave d18O 2.2-0.9 ky BP USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11