noaa-cave-5539 Shakun et al. 2007 Socotra Island, Yemen Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data Shakun, J.D.; Burns, S.J.; Fleitmann, D.; Kramers, J.; Matter, A.; Al-Subary, A.A. Shakun et al. 2007 Socotra Island, Yemen Stalagmite Stable Isotope Data 2007-09-01 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5539 Investigator J.D. Shakun Investigator S.J. Burns Investigator D. Fleitmann Investigator J. Kramers Investigator A. Matter Investigator A.A. Al-Subary earth science paleoclimate speleothems depth,null,null,millimeter,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems delta 13C,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems carbon isotopes earth science paleoclimate speleothems oxygen isotopes geoscientificInformation -25420 AD -9136 AD 27370 cal yr BP 11086 cal yr BP Complete 12.5 12.5 54 54 Continent Asia Western Asia Middle East Yemen Moomi Cave>LATITUDE 12.5>LONGITUDE 54 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Shakun, J.D., S.J. Burns, D. Fleitmann, J. Kramers, A. Matter, and A. Al-Subary 2007 Earth and Planetary Science Letters 259 3-4 442-456 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.004

Stalagmite M1-5 from Socotra Island, Yemen in the northwest Indian Ocean provides a robust, high-resolution paleoclimate record from ~27.4 - 11.1 ka based on 717 stable isotope and 28 230Th measurements. Variations in M1-5 oxygen isotope ratios (d18O) are interpreted to be primarily driven by an amount effect related to changes in the mean position and/or intensity of convection of the intertropical convergence zone, the island's only source of precipitation. The M1-5 d18O time series is strongly correlated to the Greenland ice cores, similar to an older Socotra speleothem deposited from 53-40ka [S.J. Burns, D. Fleitmann, A. Matter, J. Kramers, A. Al-Subbary, Indian Ocean climate and an absolute chronology over Dansgaard/Oeschger events 9 to 13, Science 301 (2003) 1365 - 1367], indicating that a North Atlantic - Indian Ocean cold-dry/warm-wet teleconnection persisted through the end of the last glacial period. Peak aridification occurred at ~23 ka and a gradual increase in moisture thereafter was interrupted by an abrupt drying event at ~16.4 ka, perhaps related to Heinrich event 1. Indian Ocean rainfall increased dramatically during the Bølling period and then decreased continuously and gradually through the Allerød and Younger Dryas. The Holocene began abruptly with increased precipitation at 11.4 ka and was followed by a major but short-lived drying during the Preboreal Oscillation at ~11.2 ka. M1-5 is highly correlated to the Dongge Cave record from 15.5 - 11 ka, suggesting much of the Indian Ocean monsoon region responded similarly to the major climate changes of the last deglaciation. The transitions into the Younger Dryas and to a lesser extent the Bølling are remarkably gradual in M1-5, as they are in all other Asian speleothem records, occurring over several centuries. These gradual transitions are in striking contrast to high-resolution records from around the North Atlantic basin where the transitions are extremely abrupt and generally occur in under a century. This spatially variable pattern of climate change is consistent with an Atlantic origin for these deglacial climate events. STUDY NOTES: This dataset contains stable oxygen and carbon isotopes from stalagmite M1-5 from Moomi Cave, Socotra Island, Yemen (12º30'N, 54ºE) covering the interval ~27-11 ka in decadal resolution. 717 samples in total were drilled along the speleothem's growth axis using a 0.5 mm carbide dental burr and analyzed on a Finnegan Delta XL ratio mass spectrometer at the University of Massachusetts. 28 230-Th dates constrain the chronology and were measured at the University of Bern.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/syntrace/speleothem/cave-moomi-m1-5.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/yemen/moomi2007.xls GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/yemen/moomi2007.txt USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-02-01 2019-02-01