noaa-cave-6097 Shopov et al. 1996 Cold Water Cave, Iowa Speleothem Luminescence Data Shopov, Y.Y. Shopov et al. 1996 Cold Water Cave, Iowa Speleothem Luminescence Data 1996-07-01 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6097 Investigator Y.Y. Shopov earth science paleoclimate speleothems age,null,null,year Common Era,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate speleothems luminescence,calcium carbonate,null,dimensionless,null,speleothems,null,null,N,decimal logarithm relative units earth science paleoclimate speleothems lithology geoscientificInformation 1652 AD 1982 AD 298 cal yr BP -32 cal yr BP Complete 43.18 43.18 -91.86 -91.86 370 370 Continent North America United States Of America Iowa Cold Water Cave - South>LATITUDE 43.18>LONGITUDE -91.86 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Shopov, Y.Y. 1996. Speleothems as Natural Climatic Stations with Annual to Daily Resolution. in "Climatic Change- the Karst Record" Ed. by S.E. Lauritzen, KWI, Bergen, p. 150-151. ISSB 0-9640258-1-7.

Calcite speleothems luminescence (Shopov 1987, Shopov et al. 1994) depends exponentially upon soil temperatures that are determined primarily by solar infrared radiation in the case when that cave is covered only by grass or upon air temperatures in case that cave is covered by forest or bush. In the first case, microzonality of luminescence of speleothems can be used as an indirect Solar Insolation (SI) index, but in the second - as an paleotemperature proxy. So, in dependence on the cave site we may speak about ""solar sensitive"" and ""temperature sensitive"" luminescent speleothem records like in treering records, but in our case record may depend either only on temperature or on solar irradiation: - In case of Cold Water Cave (CWC), Iowa, US we obtained high correlation coefficient of 0.9 between the luminescence record and Solar Luminosity Sunspot index (Fig.1) and reconstructed sunspot numbers since 1000 AD with precision within the experimental error of their measurements; - in case of Rats Nest cave (RNC), Alberta, Canada we measured correlation coefficient of 0.67 between luminescence intensity and air temperatures record for the last 100 years (Fig.2) and reconstructed annual air temperatures for last 1500 years at the cave site with estimated error of 0.35 C, while the error of the direct measurements is 0.1 C. Intensity of luminescence was not dependent on actual precipitations and sunspot numbers (zero correlation). Speleothem growth rate variations represent mainly rainfall variations. Speleothem luminescence visualizes annual microbanding we used to derive proxy records of annual precipitations or the cave site. In case of RNC we reconstructed annual precipitations for last 280 years at the cave site with estimated error of 80 mm/year. By comparison of luminescent records with other solar proxy records we obtained a reconstruction of growth rates and precipitations in Bosnek karst region near Duhlata cave (DC), Bulgaria for the last 50000 years, and for the last 6400 years (with averaged time step of 41 years) for Iowa, near CWC. Achieved time step of 6 hours (Fig.3) in speleothem luminescence records allows resolution of several days in some best speleothem samples. Annual luminescence microbanding was used very successfully for relative and absolute dating of speleothems by Autocalibradion dating (Shopov et al. 1991). This dating method appear to be more precise than TAMS 14C and AMS U/Th dating for relative dating of short time intervals and only dating method for speleothems with little uranium, younger than 2000 years. It is demonstrated, that speleothems can be used as natural climatic stations with annual resolution for purposes of climatology and agrometeorology for a time span far exceeding all historic records.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/northamerica/usa/iowa/coldwater1996.txt USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11