<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-cave-8757</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Frumkin et al. 1999 Jerusalem West Cave Oxygen Isotope Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Frumkin, A.; Ford, D.C.; Schwarcz, H.P.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Frumkin et al. 1999 Jerusalem West Cave Oxygen Isotope Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>1999-03-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8757</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Frumkin</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>D.C.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Ford</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>H.P.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Schwarcz</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil PDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>oxygen isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Interglacial</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>-166782 AD</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>1918 AD</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>168732 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>32 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>31.783</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>31.783</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>35.15</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>35.15</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>700</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>700</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Western Asia</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Middle East</Location_Subregion2>
    <Location_Subregion3>Israel</Location_Subregion3>
    <Detailed_Location>Jerusalem West Cave&gt;LATITUDE 31.783&gt;LONGITUDE 35.15</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Frumkin, A., D.C. Ford, and H.P. Schwarcz. 1999. 
Continental Oxygen Isotopic Record of the Last 170,000 Years 
in Jerusalem.  Quaternary Research, Vol. 51, pp. 317-327. </Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>A long radiometrically dated oxygen isotopic record of continental
climatic variations since the penultimate glaciation was obtained 
from a stalagmite deposited in a sealed cave in Jerusalem. 
This record shows that speleothems have the potential of assigning 
dates to long- and short-term climatic events, with possible 
refining of Milankovitch tuning of ice and marine records which 
themselves are not datable. Short-term (~1000-yr) events are very 
significant in the region, reaching ~50% of glacial/interglacial 
fluctuations.  The Mediterranean Sea was the most probable source 
of local precipitation throughout the last glacial cycle. 
          STUDY NOTES: Oxygen isotope data from stalagmite AF12 from Jerusalem West Cave. 
The original data files were lost - these data were digitized by the WDC for Paleoclimatology. 
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/israel/jerusalem-west1999.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/asia/israel/jerusalem-west1999.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
