<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-cave-9957</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>8.2k Event Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Cheng, H.; Fleitmann, D.; Edwards, R.L.; Wang, X.; Cruz, F.W.; Auler, A.S.; Mangini, A.; Wang, Y.; Kong, X.; Burns, S.J.; Matter, A.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>8.2k Event Speleothem Oxygen Isotope Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2010-07-21</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9957</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>H.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Cheng</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>D.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Fleitmann</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>R.L.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Edwards</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>X.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Wang</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>F.W.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Cruz</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Auler</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Mangini</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Y.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Wang</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>X.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kong</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>S.J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Burns</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Matter</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,millimeter,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>oxygen isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Monsoon</Keyword>
  <Keyword>abrupt climate change</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>8566 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>7678 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-13.2167</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>25.28</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-44.05</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>108.08</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>650</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>800</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>South America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Brazil</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>Paixão Cave&gt;LATITUDE -12.65&gt;LONGITUDE -41.05</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Western Asia</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Middle East</Location_Subregion2>
    <Location_Subregion3>Oman</Location_Subregion3>
    <Detailed_Location>Hoti Cave&gt;LATITUDE 23.08&gt;LONGITUDE 57.35</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Eastern Asia</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>China</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Dongge Cave&gt;LATITUDE 25.28&gt;LONGITUDE 108.08</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Western Asia</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Middle East</Location_Subregion2>
    <Location_Subregion3>Oman</Location_Subregion3>
    <Detailed_Location>Qunf Cave&gt;LATITUDE 17.17&gt;LONGITUDE 54.3</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>South America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Brazil</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>Padre Cave&gt;LATITUDE -13.2167&gt;LONGITUDE -44.05</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Cheng, H., D. Fleitmann, R.L. Edwards, X. Wang, F.W. Cruz, A.S. Auler, 
A. Mangini, Y. Wang, X. Kong, S.J. Burns, and A. Matter. 2009. 
Timing and structure of the 8.2 kyr B.P. event inferred from d18O 
records of stalagmites from China, Oman, and Brazil. 
Geology, Vol. 37, No. 11, pp. 1007–1010, November 2009. 
doi: 10.1130/G30126A.1 </Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Oxygen isotope records of stalagmites from China and Oman reveal 
a weak summer monsoon event, with a double-plunging structure, 
that started 8.21 ± 0.02 kyr B.P. An identical but antiphased
pattern is also evident in two stalagmite records from eastern 
Brazil, indicating that the South American Summer Monsoon was 
intensified during the 8.2 kyr B.P. event. These records demonstrate 
that the event was of global extent and synchronous within dating 
errors of &lt;50 years. In comparison with recent model simulations, 
it is plausible that the 8.2 kyr B.P. event can be tied in changes 
of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation triggered by a 
glacial lake draining event. This, in turn, affected North Atlantic 
climate and latitudinal position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, 
resulting in the observed low-latitude monsoonal precipitation patterns.

 
          STUDY NOTES: Oxygen isotope data from six stalagmites in China, the Middle East, 
and South America over the 8.2k Climate Event.  The stalagmites are 
from Dongge Cave, southern China (D4 and DA, 25°17&apos;N, 108°5&apos;E), 
Qunf Cave, Oman (Q5, 17°10&apos;N, 54°18&apos;E), Hoti Cave, Oman (H14, 23°05&apos;N, 
57°21&apos;E), Padre Cave (PAD07, 13°13&apos;S, 44°3&apos;W), eastern Brazil, 
and Paixão Cave (PX5, 12°39&apos;S, 41°3&apos;W), eastern Brazil
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/cheng2009-8200bp.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/cheng2009-8200bp.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2019-02-01</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2019-02-01</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
