noaa-coral-10373 Palmyra Island Coral 110 Year Sr/Ca SST and d18Osw Nurhati, I.S.; Cobb, K.M.; Di Lorenzo, E. Palmyra Island Coral 110 Year Sr/Ca SST and d18Osw 2011-02-24 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10373 Investigator I.S. Nurhati Investigator K.M. Cobb Investigator E. Di Lorenzo earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil PDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges sea surface temperature,strontium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,monthly,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges delta 18O,delta 18O|sea water|strontium/calcium,null,per mil PDB,monthly,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,sea surface earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges oxygen isotopes earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges chemistry geoscientificInformation Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction Warm Pool 1886 AD 1998 AD 64 cal yr BP -48 cal yr BP Complete 5.8664 5.8664 -162.12 -162.12 -9 -9 Ocean Pacific Ocean Central Pacific Ocean Palmyra Island>LATITUDE 5.8664>LONGITUDE -162.12 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

325 Broadway, E/NE31

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Nurhati, I.S., K.M. Cobb, and E. Di Lorenzo. 2011. Decadal-scale SST and Salinity Variations in the Central Tropical Pacific: Signatures of Natural and Anthropogenic Climate Change. Journal of Climate, Early Online Release, Jan 27, 2011. doi: 10.1175/2011JCLI3852.1.

Accurate projections of future temperature and precipitation patterns in many regions of the world depend on quantifying anthropogenic signatures in tropical Pacific climate against its rich background of natural variability. However, the detection of anthropogenic signatures in the region is hampered by the lack of continuous, century-long instrumental climate records. This study presents coral-based sea-surface temperature (SST) and salinity proxy records from Palmyra Island in the central tropical Pacific over the 20th century, based on coral Sr/Ca and the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater (?18OSW), respectively. On interannual timescales, the Sr/Ca-based SST record captures both eastern- and central- Pacific warming "flavors" of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability (R=0.65 and 0.67, respectively). On decadal timescales, the SST proxy record is highly correlated to the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO; R=-0.85), reflecting strong dynamical links between the central Pacific warming mode and extratropical decadal climate variability. Decadal-scale salinity variations implied by the coral-based d18OSW record are significantly correlated with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO; R=0.54). The salinity proxy record is dominated by an unprecedented trend towards lighter ?18OSW values since the mid-20th century, implying that a significant freshening has taken place in the region, in line with climate model projections showing enhanced hydrological patterns under greenhouse forcing. Taken together, the new coral records suggest that low-frequency SST and salinity variations in the central tropical Pacific are controlled by different sets of dynamics, and that recent hydrological trends in this region may be related to anthropogenic climate change. STUDY NOTES: This dataset contains coral-derived sea-surface temperature (SST, via Sr/Ca) and salinity (SSS, via the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater or d18Osw) reconstructions from Palmyra Island of the Line Islands chain in the central tropical Pacific, for the period 1886-1998. Cobb et al. [2001] presented the century-long coral oxygen isotopic (d18O) record from Palmyra, and here we present the century-long Sr/Ca and d18Osw records from Palmyra. The late 20th century portion of the Sr/Ca and d18Osw records was presented in Nurhati et al.[2009]. We measured coral d18O values on a GV Isoprime-Multiprep mass spectrometer with an analytical precision of ± 0.05‰ (1sigma), and Sr/Ca ratios with a Jobin Yvon Ultima 2C Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) with an analytical precision of ± 0.07% or ± 0.006 mmol/mol(1s) using the nearest-neighbor correction method from Schrag [1999]. We used the monthly 1ºx1º IGOSS SST dataset [Reynolds et al., 2002] to calibrate Sr/Ca ratios via reduced major axis regression, where (SST)palm = 130.43 – 11.39 x (Sr/Ca)palm (Nov 1981-Mar 1998; R=-0.71; CI > 99%). We derive the oxygen isotopic composition of seawater (d18Osw) by subtracting the Sr/Ca-derived SST contribution from coral d18O following the method outlined in Ren et al. [2003]. Fairbanks et al. [1997] find an empirical linear relationship between d18Osw and SSS in the central tropical Pacific, so we use the d18Osw records to reconstruct SSS variability associated with changes in the hydrological balance. Note: Coral d18O data has been previously published by Cobb et el. (2001). Sr/Ca data from 1981-1998 was used for the Sr/Ca-SST calibration. Coral d18O, Sr/Ca-derived SST and d18Osw data from 1886 to 1998 were used in the trend calculations reported in the paper.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/nurhati2011_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/palmyra2011.xls USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11