<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-coral-12884</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Seychelles Coral Bleaching 20 Year Stable Isotope Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Levy, O.; Rosenfeld, M.; Yam, R.; Shemesh, A.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Seychelles Coral Bleaching 20 Year Stable Isotope Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2012-03-27</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12884</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>O.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Levy</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Rosenfeld</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Yam</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Shemesh</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>corals and sclerosponges</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,year Common Era,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>corals and sclerosponges</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>corals and sclerosponges</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>corals and sclerosponges</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>oxygen isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>corals and sclerosponges</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>carbon isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>PAGES 2k Network</Keyword>
  <Keyword>PAGES Ocean 2k</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>1982 AD</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>2002 AD</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>-32 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>-52 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-7</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>-7</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>52.75</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>52.75</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Indian Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Seychelles</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>Alphonse Atoll&gt;LATITUDE -7&gt;LONGITUDE 52.75</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Levy, O., M. Rosenfeld, R. Yam, and A. Shemesh. 2006. 
Heterogeneity of coral skeletons isotopic compositions 
during the 1998 bleaching event. 
Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 51(2), pp. 1142-1148.
DOI: 10.4319/lo.2006.51.2.1142 </Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>The vulnerability of coral reefs to climate change, such as 
regional warming, became fully evident during the strong 
1997-1998 El Nino event.  This El Nino episode was associated 
with elevated sea-surface temperatures and caused mass mortality 
throughout many of the world&apos;s coral reefs.  We analyzed the 
isotopic manifestation of this event in six Porites sp. coral 
skeletons from different localities in a small atoll (Alphonse) 
at the Seychelles Island. The aim was to validate the use of coral 
stable isotope compositions as recorders of such events in the past. 
The coupling between local-scale environment and global warming 
was weaker then expected, with regional warming being evident 
only when data from five colonies were averaged. Local conditions 
had a large effect on the isotopic compositions of coral skeletons. 
We conclude that future paleoclimate reconstructions, especially 
those attempts to identify past El Nino events, must be based on 
more than a single coral record. Moreover, the strong effect 
of local habitat on the isotopic composition of Porites sp. 
has to be considered when interpreting d13C and d18O records. 
 
          STUDY NOTES: Coral stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data at monthly resolution 
from 6 corals collected near Alphonse Atoll, Seychelles, Indian Ocean. 
Data span the 1998 bleaching event. </Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/seychelles2006.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/indian_ocean/seychelles2006.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
