noaa-coral-15794 Papua New Guinea 230 Year Fossil and Modern Coral Isotope and Sr/Ca Data Hereid, K.A.; Quinn, T.M.; Taylor, F.W.; Shen, C.-C.; Edwards, R.L.; Cheng, H. Papua New Guinea 230 Year Fossil and Modern Coral Isotope and Sr/Ca Data 2013-12-20 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15794 Investigator K.A. Hereid Investigator T.M. Quinn Investigator F.W. Taylor Investigator C.-C. Shen Investigator R.L. Edwards Investigator H. Cheng earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,composited|interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges age,null,null,year Common Era,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,composited|filtered|interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,composited|interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,filtered|interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil VPDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges oxygen isotopes earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges chemistry geoscientificInformation Little Ice Age (LIA) 1411 AD 1945 AD 539 cal yr BP 5 cal yr BP Complete -10.6907 -10.6907 152.8115 152.8115 0 0 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Misima>LATITUDE -10.6907>LONGITUDE 152.8115 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Kelly A. Hereid, Terrence M. Quinn, Frederick W. Taylor, Chuan-Chou Shen, R. Lawrence Edwards and Hai Cheng 2013 Geology 41 1 51-54 10.1130/G33510.1

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) powers global interannual climate variability through changes in trade wind strength, temperature and salinity anomalies, sea level, and atmospheric circulation patterns. ENSO variability is well characterized in modern times, but instrumental records cannot fully describe natural ENSO variability due to the imprint of anthropogenic climate forcing. ENSO activity may also be affected by solar variability, but the response of ENSO to such changes is difficult to predict. We constructed a continuous, monthly resolved, spliced fossil Porites coral d18O and Sr/Ca record from Misima Island, Papua New Guinea, in the Western Pacific Warm Pool, spanning 233 yr (1411-1644 CE [Common Era]). The Misima coral record indicates that the surface ocean in this region experienced a small change in hydrologic balance with no change in temperature, extended periods of quiescence in El Niño activity, and no change in average amplitudes of El Niño events relative to signals captured in regional modern records. The reduced El Niño variability occurs during a known change in solar forcing, the initiation of the Little Ice Age. However, there is no clear relationship between the timing of changes in solar forcing and ENSO activity, implying that ENSO variability changes arise from internal dynamics. The century-scale switch between active and inactive El Niño states has not previously been recorded, and provides a new baseline for climate models and reconstructions. STUDY NOTES: Coral Sr/Ca and oxygen isotopes from a suite of fossil and near-modern Porites colonies were collected from storm deposits at Misima Island, Milne Bay Province, Papua New Guinea, Nariam Village Reef. The data are analyzed to investigate mean climate changes and ENSO variability during the initiation of the Little Ice Age. The compiled fossil record is 233 years long, and the near-modern record is 28 years long. Analytical precision on stable isotopic determinations is 0.05 per mil for d18O, and 0.02 per mil for d13C (1sigma, n = 393). Analytical precision for Sr/Ca ratios is 0.015 mmol/mol (1sigma). Isotopic values are reported in delta notation relative to the Vienna PeeDee Belemnite (VPDB) isotopic standard. Notes: Fossil samples MiF and MiG, age range: 1411.625-1644.625 CE. Modern sample MiC, age range: 1916.958-1944.958 CE. Resampled = linear resampling to monthly resolution. Filtered = wavelet filter, 2-8 years.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-resampled.txt Formatted Text File; Modern sample MiC, resampled GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/Misima2013.xlsx Excel format file; All Misima 2013 data series GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-raw.txt Formatted Text File; Compiled Fossil Data, raw GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mif-raw.txt Formatted Text File; Fossil sample MiF, raw GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-resampled.txt Formatted Text File; Compiled Fossil Data, resampled GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-filtered.txt Formatted Text File; Modern sample MiC, filtered GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mig-raw.txt Formatted Text File; Fossil sample MiG, raw GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013fossil-filtered.txt Formatted Text File; Compiled Fossil Data, filtered GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/misima2013mic-raw.txt Formatted Text File; Modern sample MiC, raw USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-04-01 2019-04-01