noaa-coral-17435 Hawaiian Gold Coral Bulk and Compound Specific Nitrogen Isotope Data for the Last Millennium Sherwood, O.A.; Guilderson, T.P.; Batista, F.C.; Schiff, J.T.; McCarthy, M.D. Hawaiian Gold Coral Bulk and Compound Specific Nitrogen Isotope Data for the Last Millennium 2014-11-12 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17435 Investigator O.A. Sherwood Investigator T.P. Guilderson Investigator F.C. Batista Investigator J.T. Schiff Investigator M.D. McCarthy earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges sample identification,null,null,null,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,C,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|lysine,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|alanine,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,C,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges age,null,95% confidence interval lower bound,year Common Era,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|proline,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges age,null,null,year Common Era,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|valine,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges age,null,95% confidence interval upper bound,year Common Era,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,C,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|asparagine|aspartic acid,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|serine,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,C,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|glycine,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|phenylalanine,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|tyrosine,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges trophic position index,null,null,dimensionless,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,glutamic acid and glutamine minus phenylalanine earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|isoleucine,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,C,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,elemental analysis|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges depth,null,null,millimeter,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|glutamic acid|glutamine,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 15N,Kulamanamana haumeaae|threonine,null,per mil AIR,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,gas chromatography|isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges chemistry geoscientificInformation 893 AD 1992 AD 1057 cal yr BP -42 cal yr BP Complete 18.7 23.72 -166.1 -157.54 -450 -450 Ocean Pacific Ocean Central Pacific Ocean Hawaiian Islands Cross Seamount>LATITUDE 18.7>LONGITUDE -158.27 Ocean Pacific Ocean Central Pacific Ocean Hawaiian Islands Makapuu>LATITUDE 21.29>LONGITUDE -157.54 Ocean Pacific Ocean Central Pacific Ocean Hawaiian Islands French Frigate Shoals>LATITUDE 23.72>LONGITUDE -166.1 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

325 Broadway, E/NE31

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Sherwood, O.A., T.P. Guilderson, F.C. Batista, J.T. Schiff, and M.D. McCarthy 2014 Nature 505 78-81 10.1038/nature12784

The North Pacific subtropical gyre (NPSG) plays a major part in the export of carbon and other nutrients to the deep ocean. Primary production in the NPSG has increased in recent decades despite a reduction in nutrient supply to surface waters. It is thought that this apparent paradox can be explained by a shift in plankton community structure from mostly eukaryotes to mostly nitrogen-fixing prokaryotes. It remains uncertain, however, whether the plankton community domain shift can be linked to cyclical climate variability or a long-term global warming trend. Here we analyse records of bulk and amino-acid-specific 15N/14N isotopic ratios (d15N) preserved in the skeletons of long-lived deep-sea proteinaceous corals collected from the Hawaiian archipelago; these isotopic records serve as a proxy for the source of nitrogen-supported export production through time. We find that the recent increase in nitrogen fixation is the continuation of a much larger, centennial-scale trend. After a millennium of relatively minor fluctuation, d15N decreases between 1850 and the present. The total shift in d15N of 2 per mil over this period is comparable to the total change in global mean sedimentary d15N across the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, but it is happening an order of magnitude faster. We use a steady-state model and find that the isotopic mass balance between nitrate and nitrogen fixation implies a 17 to 27 percent increase in nitrogen fixation over this time period. A comparison with independent records suggests that the increase in nitrogen fixation might be linked to Northern Hemisphere climate change since the end of the Little Ice Age. STUDY NOTES: Colonies of Hawaiian gold coral (K. haumeaae) were collected from approx. 450 m water depth from 3 sites in the Hawaiian archipelago (Makapuu, Cross Seamount, and French Frigate Shoals) with the HURL/NOAA Pisces V submersible between 1997 and 2004. Air-dried colonies were sectioned near the skeletal base, polished and photographed under a binocular microscope. A computerized Merchantek micromill was used to mill samples, parallel to growth banding, at increments of 0.1 mm, along radial transects from the outer edge to the center of each section. Each sample represents from 1 to 20 (average 5) years of growth, depending on growth rate. Radiocarbon dating of sample aliquots was used for age modeling. Bulk nitrogen isotope ratios were measured using a Carlo Erba 1108 elemental analyzer interfaced to a ThermoFinningan Delta Plus XP isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). Values are reported in per mille units relative to atmospheric N2. Amino acid specific nitrogen isotope atios were measured on 15-20 mg sample composites (combining 3-10 separate samples). Composites were hydrolysed in 6 N HCl (100 ml, 20 h), spiked with a norleucine internal standard followed by formation of trifluoroacetyl/isopropyl ester (TFA) derivatives. Derivatives were analyzed on a Thermo Trace Ultra GC, fitted with a SGE BPX5 capillary column (60m x 0.32mm ID, 1 micrometer), in line with oxidation and reduction furnaces, and linked to a ThermoFinnigan Delta Plus XP IRMS. Samples were analysed in quadruplicate. Analytical accuracy was monitored by analysis of the norleucine internal standard and co-derivatized AA external standards for which authentic d15N values of each AA were determined offline. Reproducibility for individual AA values was typically better than 1 per mille.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/sherwood2014/sherwood2014-ffs.txt Formatted Text File; French Frigate Shoals d15N Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/sherwood2014/sherwood2014-maka-cs.txt Formatted Text File; Makapuu Compound Specific d15N Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/sherwood2014/sherwood2014-cross.txt Formatted Text File; Cross Seamount d15N Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/east_pacific/sherwood2014/sherwood2014-maka.txt Formatted Text File; Makapuu d15N Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11