noaa-coral-17955 PAGES Ocean2K 400 Year Coral Data and Tropical SST Reconstructions Tierney, J.E.; Abram, N.J.; Anchukaitis, K.J.; Evans, M.N.; Giry, C.; Kilbourne, K.H.; Saenger, C.P.; Wu, H.C.; Zinke, J. PAGES Ocean2K 400 Year Coral Data and Tropical SST Reconstructions 2015-03-03 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17955 Investigator J.E. Tierney Investigator N.J. Abram Investigator K.J. Anchukaitis Investigator M.N. Evans Investigator C. Giry Investigator K.H. Kilbourne Investigator C.P. Saenger Investigator H.C. Wu Investigator J. Zinke earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges sea surface temperature,null,verification reduction of error,dimensionless,Apr-Mar,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,composite plus scale,N,anomalized to 1961-1990 AD; weighted composite plus scale earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges sea surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,Apr-Mar,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,composite plus scale,N,anomalized to 1961-1990 AD; weighted composite plus scale earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges sea surface temperature,null,one root mean square error,degree Celsius,Apr-Mar,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,composite plus scale,N,anomalized to 1961-1990 AD; weighted composite plus scale earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges sea surface temperature,null,verification coefficient of efficiency,dimensionless,Apr-Mar,climate reconstructions|corals and sclerosponges,anomalized,composite plus scale,N,anomalized to 1961-1990 AD; weighted composite plus scale earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges oxygen isotopes geoscientificInformation PAGES Ocean 2k Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction 1552 AD 2007 AD 398 cal yr BP -57 cal yr BP Complete -25 30 -90 155 0 0 Ocean Indian Ocean Indian Ocean>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE Ocean Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE Ocean Pacific Ocean Western Pacific Ocean Western Pacific>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean Western Atlantic Ocean>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Jessica E. Tierney, Nerilie J. Abram, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Michael N. Evans, Cyril Giry, K. Halimeda Kilbourne, Casey P. Saenger, Henry C. Wu and Jens Zinke 2015 Paleoceanography 10.1002/2014PA002717 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014PA002717/abstract

Most annually resolved climate reconstructions of the Common Era are based on terrestrial data, making it a challenge to independently assess how recent climate changes have affected the oceans. Here, as part of the Past Global Changes (PAGES) Ocean2K project, we present four regionally calibrated and validated reconstructions of sea-surface temperatures in the tropics, based on fifty-seven published and publicly archived marine paleoclimate datasets derived exclusively from tropical coral archives. Validation exercises suggest that our reconstructions are interpretable for much of the past 400 years, depending on the availability of paleoclimate data within, and the reconstruction validation statistics for, each target region. Analysis of the trends in the data suggests that the Indian, western Pacific, and western Atlantic ocean regions were cooling until modern warming began around the 1830s. The early 1800s were an exceptionally cool period in the Indo-Pacific region, likely due to multiple large tropical volcanic eruptions occurring in the early 19th century. Decadal-scale variability is a quasi-persistent feature of all basins. 20th century warming associated with greenhouse gas emissions is apparent in the Indian, West Pacific, and Western Atlantic Oceans, but we find no evidence that either natural or anthropogenic forcings have altered El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-related variance in tropical SSTs. Our marine-based regional paleoclimate reconstructions serve as benchmarks against which terrestrial reconstructions as well as climate model simulations can be compared, and as a basis for studying the processes by which the tropical oceans mediate climate variability and change. STUDY NOTES: This data set contains both the coral data and the resulting SST reconstructions compiled and produced by the PAGES Ocean2K project. The coral data, including both raw and annualized data, are available in matlab (.mat) format. All of the iterations of the reconstructions, and corresponding skill statistics (Figure 2 of the Paleoceanography manuscript), are available in matlab (.mat) format. The "best" reconstructions, defined as the reconstruction iteration having the highest cumulative RE (reduction of error) value, are available in both matlab (.mat) format and text format (Figure 4 of the Paleoceanography manuscript). Please see the source publication for further details. Years correspond to the Apr-Mar tropical year, e.g., 1982 = Apr 1982 to Mar 1983.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/tierney2015sst-epacific.txt Text Data File; Eastern Pacific Coral-Based SST Reconstruction GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/rec_alliters.mat Matlab Data File; SST Reconstructions, All Iterations GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/tierney2015sst-watlantic.txt Text Data File; Western Atlantic Coral-Based SST Reconstruction GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/tierney2015sst-indian.txt Text Data File; Indian Ocean Coral-Based SST Reconstruction GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/tierney2015sst-wpacific.txt Text Data File; Western Pacific Coral-Based SST Reconstruction GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/coral_data.mat Matlab Data File; Coral Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/rec_best.mat Matlab Data File; SST Reconstructions, "Best" USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11