noaa-coral-1866 Multi-site - del18O Data - 2001 Tudhope, A.W.; Chilcott, C.P.; McCulloch, M.T.; Cook, E.R.; Chappell, J.; Ellam, R.M.; Lea, D.W.; Lough, J.M.; Shimmield, G.B. Multi-site - del18O Data - 2001 2001-10-01 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/1866 Investigator A.W. Tudhope Investigator C.P. Chilcott Investigator M.T. McCulloch Investigator E.R. Cook Investigator J. Chappell Investigator R.M. Ellam Investigator D.W. Lea Investigator J.M. Lough Investigator G.B. Shimmield earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges age,null,null,year Common Era,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 18O,Porites sp.,null,per mil PDB,null,corals and sclerosponges,interpolated,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges age,null,null,year,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges oxygen isotopes geoscientificInformation PAGES 2k Network PAGES Australasia 2k -128035 AD 1995 AD 129985 cal yr BP -45 cal yr BP Complete -6.22 -4.15 144.88 147.67 -4 115 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Madang Lagoon>LATITUDE -5.22>LONGITUDE 145.82 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace IIa1>LATITUDE -6.22>LONGITUDE 147.67 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Laing Terrace>LATITUDE -4.15>LONGITUDE 144.88 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace IIa2>LATITUDE -6.22>LONGITUDE 147.67 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace IIIb>LATITUDE -6.2>LONGITUDE 147.67 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace IIa3>LATITUDE -6.12>LONGITUDE 147.62 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace VII3>LATITUDE -6.07>LONGITUDE 147.57 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace V>LATITUDE -6.13>LONGITUDE 147.62 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace VIIa1>LATITUDE -6.12>LONGITUDE 147.6 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace VIIa2>LATITUDE -6.12>LONGITUDE 147.6 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Peninsula>LATITUDE -6.08>LONGITUDE 147.6 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace VII2>LATITUDE -6.07>LONGITUDE 147.57 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace VIIa3>LATITUDE -6.1>LONGITUDE 147.6 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace I>LATITUDE -6.08>LONGITUDE 147.6 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Huon Terrace VII1>LATITUDE -6.07>LONGITUDE 147.57 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Laing Island>LATITUDE -4.15>LONGITUDE 144.88 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean Melanesia Papua New Guinea Madang Terrace>LATITUDE -5.22>LONGITUDE 145.82 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Tudhope, A.W.; Chilcott, C.P.; McCulloch, M.T.; Cook, E.R.; Chappell, J.; Ellam, R.M.; Lea, D.W.; Lough, J.M.; Shimmield, G.B 2001 Science 291 10.1126/science.1057969

The El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most potent source of inter- annual climate variability. Uncertainty surrounding the impact of greenhouse warming on ENSO strength and frequency has stimulated efforts to develop a better understanding of the sensitivity of ENSO to climate change. Here we use annually banded corals from Papua New Guinea to show that ENSO has existed for the past 130,000 years, operating even during “glacial” times of substan- tially reduced regional and global temperature and changed solar forcing. However, we also find that during the 20th century ENSO has been strong compared with ENSO of previous cool (glacial) and warm (interglacial) times. The observed pattern of change in amplitude may be due to the combined effects of ENSO dampening during cool glacial conditions and ENSO forcing by precessional orbital variations

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001/fig3a.jpg GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-dt91-7_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h95-14_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h95-58_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h96-27_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h95-25_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h96-36_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h95-18_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h94-2_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-fc2_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001/fig4a.jpg GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h97-10_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h95-6_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h96-18_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h96-6_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-m93tbfc_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h95-16_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-h95-64_noaa.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/west_pacific/papua_new_guinea/tudhope2001-dur-2_noaa.txt USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-05-17 2019-05-17