noaa-coral-21710 Indopacific Porites coral Li/Ca, B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, U/Ca, and d11B data, 1994-2010 DeCarlo, T.M.; Gaetani, G.A.; Cohen, A.L.; Foster, G.L.; Alpert, A.E.; Stewart, J.A. Indopacific Porites coral Li/Ca, B/Ca, Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, Ba/Ca, U/Ca, and d11B data, 1994-2010 2017-03-22 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21710 Investigator T.M. DeCarlo Investigator G.A. Gaetani Investigator A.L. Cohen Investigator G.L. Foster Investigator A.E. Alpert Investigator J.A. Stewart earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges boron/calcium,Porites sp.,null,micromole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Porites spp. Skeleton; error = 4 earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges barium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,micromole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Porites spp. Skeleton; error = 0.03 earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges delta 11B,Porites sp.,null,per mil SRM 951,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Porites spp. Skeleton; error = 0.21 earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges age,null,null,year Common Era,null,corals and sclerosponges,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges magnesium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Porites spp. Skeleton; error = 0.05 earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges strontium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,millimole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Porites spp. Skeleton; error = 0.04 earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges lithium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,micromole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Porites spp. Skeleton; error = 0.27 earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges uranium/calcium,Porites sp.,null,micromole per mole,null,corals and sclerosponges,raw,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Porites spp. Skeleton; error = 0.01 earth science paleoclimate corals and sclerosponges trace metals geoscientificInformation 1994 AD 2010 AD -44 cal yr BP -60 cal yr BP Complete 5.8664 22.0314 -162.12 134.5602 -9 -3 Ocean Pacific Ocean Central Pacific Ocean Palmyra Island>LATITUDE 5.8664>LONGITUDE -162.12 Ocean Pacific Ocean Western Pacific Ocean Micronesia Palau Airai>LATITUDE 7.3321>LONGITUDE 134.5602 Ocean Pacific Ocean Western Pacific Ocean Micronesia Palau Nikko Bay>LATITUDE 7.3248>LONGITUDE 134.4684 Ocean Pacific Ocean Western Pacific Ocean Micronesia Palau Uchelbeluu>LATITUDE 7.267>LONGITUDE 134.521 Ocean Indian Ocean Red Sea Tower 721, Red Sea>LATITUDE 22.0314>LONGITUDE 38.8778 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII DeCarlo, T.M., G.A. Gaetani, A.L. Cohen, G.L. Foster, A.E. Alpert, and J.A. Stewart 2016 Paleoceanography 31 626-638 10.1002/2015PA002908

Coral skeletons archive past climate variability with unrivaled temporal resolution. However, extraction of accurate temperature information from coral skeletons has been limited by “vital effects,” which confound, and sometimes override, the temperature dependence of geochemical proxies. We present a new approach to coral paleothermometry based on results of abiogenic precipitation experiments interpreted within a framework provided by a quantitative model of the coral biomineralization process. DeCarlo et al. (2015a) investigated temperature and carbonate chemistry controls on abiogenic partitioning of Sr/Ca and U/Ca between aragonite and seawater and modeled the sensitivity of skeletal composition to processes occurring at the site of calcification. The model predicts that temperature can be accurately reconstructed from coral skeleton by combining Sr/Ca and U/Ca ratios into a new proxy, which we refer to hereafter as the Sr-U thermometer. Here we test the model predictions with measured Sr/Ca and U/Ca ratios of 14 Porites sp. corals collected from the tropical Pacific Ocean and the Red Sea, with a subset also analyzed using the boron isotope (d11B) pH proxy. Observed relationships among Sr/Ca, U/Ca, and d11B agree with model predictions, indicating that the model accounts for the key features of the coral biomineralization process. By calibrating to instrumental temperature records, we show that Sr-U captures 93% of mean annual temperature variability (26–30°C) and has a standard deviation of prediction of 0.5°C, compared to 1°C using Sr/Ca alone. The Sr-U thermometer may offer significantly improved reliability for reconstructing past ocean temperatures from coral skeletons. STUDY NOTES: Measurement Precision- Mg/Ca 0.05 mmol/mol; Sr/Ca 0.04 mmol/mol; Ba/Ca 0.03 µmol/mol; U/Ca 0.01 µmol/mol; Li/Ca 0.27 µmol/mol; B/Ca 4 µmol/mol; d11B 0.21 per mil SRM 951. Provided Keywords: Porites, coral, Sr-U

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