noaa-fire-17174 McWethy Fire Data from Lake Kirkpatrick, New Zealand - IMPD NZKPL001 McWethy, D.; Wilmshurst, J.M.; Whitlock, C.; Wood, J.R.; McGlone, M.S. McWethy Fire Data from Lake Kirkpatrick, New Zealand - IMPD NZKPL001 2014-09-10 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17174 Investigator D. McWethy Investigator J.M. Wilmshurst Investigator C. Whitlock Investigator J.R. Wood Investigator M.S. McGlone earth science paleoclimate fire history|paleolimnology depth,null,null,centimeter,null,fire history|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate fire history|paleolimnology age at sample end,null,null,calendar year before present,null,fire history|paleolimnology,null,null,N,bottom of sample earth science paleoclimate fire history|paleolimnology age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,fire history|paleolimnology,null,null,N,middle of sample earth science paleoclimate fire history|paleolimnology age at sample start,null,null,calendar year before present,null,fire history|paleolimnology,null,null,N,top of sample earth science paleoclimate fire history|paleolimnology charcoal,sediment,null,count,null,fire history|paleolimnology,null,null,N,size fraction >125 microns earth science paleoclimate fire history|paleolimnology volume,sediment,null,milliliter,null,fire history|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate fire history charcoal sediment geoscientificInformation 1485 cal yr BP -53 cal yr BP Complete -45.02706 -45.02706 168.57374 168.57374 570 570 Continent Australia/New Zealand New Zealand Lake Kirkpatrick>LATITUDE -45.02706>LONGITUDE 168.57374 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII McWethy,David,B.;Wilmshurst,Janet,M.;Whitlock,C.;Wood,Jamie,R.;McGlone,Matt,S. 2014 PLoS ONE e111328 9(11) 10.1371/journal.pone.0111328 McWethy,D.B.,Whitlock,C.,Wilmshurst,J.M.,McGlone,M.S.,Fromont,M.,Li,X., Dieffenbacher- Krall,A.,Hobbs,W.O.,Fritz,S.C.,Cook,E.R. 2010 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:21343-21348

Human-caused forest transitions are documented worldwide, especially during periods when land use by dense agriculturally-based populations intensified. However, the rate at which prehistoric human activities led to permanent deforestation is poorly resolved. In the South Island, New Zealand, the arrival of Polynesians c. 750 years ago resulted in dramatic forest loss and conversion of nearly half of native forests to open vegetation. This transformation, termed the Initial Burning Period, is documented in pollen and charcoal records, but its speed has been poorly constrained. High-resolution chronologies developed with a series of AMS radiocarbon dates from two lake sediment cores suggest the shift from forest to shrubland occurred within decades rather than centuries at drier sites. We examine two sites representing extreme examples of the magnitude of human impacts: a drier site that was inherently more vulnerable to human-set fires and a wetter, less burnable site. The astonishing rate of deforestation at the hands of small transient populations resulted from the intrinsic vulnerability of the native flora to fire and from positive feedbacks in post-fire vegetation recovery that increased landscape flammability. Spatially targeting burning in highly-flammable seral vegetation in forests rarely experiencing fire was sufficient to create an alternate fire-prone stable state. The New Zealand example illustrates how seemingly stable forest ecosystems can experience rapid and permanent conversions. Forest loss in New Zealand is among the fastest ecological transitions documented in the Holocene; yet equally rapid transitions can be expected in present-day regions wherever positive feedbacks support alternate fire-inhibiting, fire-prone stable states. STUDY NOTES: ;Keywords, Deforestation, human impacts, fire, positive feedbacks, tipping points, paleoecology, forest transitions, land-use change, alternate stable states; Collectors, Janet Wilmshurst, David McWethy; Site size (ha), 3; Contact person, "David McWethy, Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University,dmcwethy@montana.edu"; Sample storage location, Montana State University MT;

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/australia/nzkpl001.txt Data; nzkpl001.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/firehistory/charcoal/australia/supplemental/nzkpl001-lake-kirkpatrick-nz-charcoal-impd.xlsx Supplemental data Excel file; nzkpl001-lake-kirkpatrick-nz-charcoal-impd.xlsx USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11