noaa-forcing-23910 Paleo-pCO2 Database 60 Million Year Boron Isotope and CO2 Data Pearson, P.N.; Palmer, M.R. Paleo-pCO2 Database 60 Million Year Boron Isotope and CO2 Data 2018-04-27 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23910 Investigator P.N. Pearson Investigator M.R. Palmer earth science paleoclimate climate forcing|climate reconstructions|paleoceanography age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate forcing|climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography pH,delta 11B,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate forcing|climate reconstructions|paleoceanography age,null,two standard deviations lower bound,calendar year before present,null,climate forcing|climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 11B,planktic foraminifer,two standard deviations,per mil,null,paleoceanography,null,thermal ionization mass spectrometry,N,N-TIMS earth science paleoclimate climate forcing|climate reconstructions|paleoceanography age,null,two standard deviations upper bound,calendar year before present,null,climate forcing|climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate forcing|paleoceanography carbon dioxide,bulk atmosphere,null,parts per million,null,climate forcing|paleoceanography,null,null,N,based on planktic foram delta 11B earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 11B,planktic foraminifer,null,per mil,null,paleoceanography,averaged,thermal ionization mass spectrometry,N,N-TIMS earth science paleoclimate climate forcing|paleoceanography carbon dioxide,bulk atmosphere,two standard deviations lower bound,parts per million,null,climate forcing|paleoceanography,null,null,N,based on planktic foram delta 11B earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography pH,delta 11B,two standard deviations upper bound,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate forcing|paleoceanography carbon dioxide,bulk atmosphere,two standard deviations upper bound,parts per million,null,climate forcing|paleoceanography,null,null,N,based on planktic foram delta 11B earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography pH,delta 11B,two standard deviations lower bound,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate forcing carbon dioxide geoscientificInformation Atmospheric Gas Reconstruction 59880000 cal yr BP 85000 cal yr BP Complete 5.5572 18.440167 -179.555667 172.3443 -1530 -1083 Ocean Pacific Ocean Western Pacific Ocean ODP 872>LATITUDE 10.1>LONGITUDE 162.867 Ocean Pacific Ocean Western Pacific Ocean ODP 871>LATITUDE 5.5572>LONGITUDE 172.3443 Ocean Pacific Ocean Central Pacific Ocean ODP 865C>LATITUDE 18.440167>LONGITUDE -179.555667 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Paul N. Pearson and Martin R. Palmer 2000 Nature 406 695-699 10.1038/35021000 https://www.nature.com/articles/35021000

Knowledge of the evolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations throughout the Earth's history is important for a reconstruction of the links between climate and radiative forcing of the Earth's surface temperatures. Although atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in the early Cenozoic era (about 60 Myr ago) are widely believed to have been higher than at present, there is disagreement regarding the exact carbon dioxide levels, the timing of the decline and the mechanisms that are most important for the control of CO2 concentrations over geological timescales. Here we use the boron-isotope ratios of ancient planktonic foraminifer shells to estimate the pH of surface-layer sea water throughout the past 60 million years, which can be used to reconstruct atmospheric CO2 concentrations. We estimate CO2 concentrations of more than 2,000 p.p.m. for the late Palaeocene and earliest Eocene periods (from about 60 to 52 Myr ago), and find an erratic decline between 55 and 40 Myr ago that may have been caused by reduced CO2 outgassing from ocean ridges, volcanoes and metamorphic belts and increased carbon burial. Since the early Miocene (about 24 Myr ago), atmospheric CO2 concentrations appear to have remained below 500 p.p.m. and were more stable than before, although transient intervals of CO2 reduction may have occurred during periods of rapid cooling approximately 15 and 3 Myr ago. STUDY NOTES: Paleo-CO2 derived from boron isotope measurements on planktonic foraminifera in western Pacific sediment samples from Ocean Drilling Program Sites 865, 871 and 872 for the past 60 million years, contributed to the Paleo-pCO2 Database

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/pearson2000boron.txt NOAA Template File; 60 Million Year Boron Isotope and CO2 Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/climate_forcing/trace_gases/Paleo-pCO2/pearson2000boron.xlsx Excel File; 60 Million Year Boron Isotope and CO2 Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-04-29 2019-04-29