noaa-historical-13194 Western Europe 650 Year Grape Harvest Date Database Daux, V.; Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, I.; Yiou, P.; Chuine, I.; Garnier, E.; Le Roy Ladurie, E.; Mestre, O.; Tardaguila, J. Western Europe 650 Year Grape Harvest Date Database 2012-08-05 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13194 Investigator V. Daux Investigator I. Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri Investigator P. Yiou Investigator I. Chuine Investigator E. Garnier Investigator E. Le Roy Ladurie Investigator O. Mestre Investigator J. Tardaguila earth science paleoclimate historical age,null,null,year Common Era,null,historical,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate historical grape harvest date,null,null,day,null,historical,null,null,N,number of days after August 31 earth science paleoclimate historical crop harvests earth science paleoclimate historical phenology earth science paleoclimate historical document geoscientificInformation Little Ice Age (LIA) 1354 AD 2006 AD 596 cal yr BP -56 cal yr BP Complete 45.58 49.04 3.17 7.28 Continent Europe Western Europe France Burgundy Burgundy>LATITUDE 47.32>LONGITUDE 4.58 Continent Europe Western Europe France Alsace>LATITUDE 48.17>LONGITUDE 7.28 Continent Europe Western Europe France Champagne 1>LATITUDE 49.04>LONGITUDE 3.97 Continent Europe Western Europe France Auvergne>LATITUDE 45.58>LONGITUDE 3.17 Continent Europe Western Europe France Champagne 2>LATITUDE 47.98>LONGITUDE 4.28 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Daux, V., I. Garcia de Cortazar-Atauri, P. Yiou, I. Chuine, E. Garnier, E. Le Roy Ladurie, O. Mestre, and J. Tardaguila. 2011. An open-database of Grape Harvest dates for climate research: data description and quality assessment. Climate of the Past, Vol. 8, pp. 1403-1418, 2012 www.clim-past.net/8/1403/2012/ doi:10.5194/cp-8-1403-2012

We present an open-access dataset of grape harvest dates (GHD) series that has been compiled from international, French and Spanish literature and from unpublished documentary sources from public organizations and from wine-growers. As of June 2011, this GHD dataset comprises 380 series mainly from France (93% of the data) as well as series from Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Luxemburg. The series have variable length (from 1 to 479 data, mean length of 45 data) and contain gaps of variable sizes (mean ratio of observations/series length of 0.74). The longest and most complete ones are from Burgundy, Switzerland, Southern Rhône valley, Jura and Ile-de-France. The most ancient harvest date of the dataset is in 1354 in Burgundy. The GHD series were grouped into 27 regions according to their location, to geomorphological and geological criteria, and to past and present grape varieties. The GHD regional composite series (GHD-RCS) were calculated and compared pairwise to assess their reliability assuming that series close to one another are highly correlated. Most of the pairwise correlations are significant (p-value <0.001) and strong (mean pairwise correlation coefficient of 0.58). As expected, the correlations tend to be higher when the vineyards are closer. The highest correlation (R = 0.91) is obtained between the High Loire Valley and the Ile-de-France GHD-RCS. The strong dependence of the vine cycle on temperature and, therefore, the strong link between the harvest dates and the temperature of the growing season was also used to test the quality of the GHD series. The strongest correlations are obtained between the GHD-RCS and the temperature series of the nearest weather stations. Moreover, the GHD-RCS/ temperature correlation maps show spatial patterns similar to temperature correlation maps. The stability of the correlations over time is explored. The most striking feature is their generalized deterioration at the late 19th - early 20th turning point. The possible effects on GHD of the phylloxera crisis, which took place at this time, are discussed. The median of all the standardized GHD-RCS was calculated. The distribution of the extreme years of this general series is not homogenous. Extremely late years all occur during a two-century long time window from the early 17th to the early 19th century, while extremely early years are frequent during the 16th and since the mid-19th century. The dataset is made accessible for climate research from (http://www.gdr2968.cnrs.fr/spip.php?rubrique29/) and from the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology (http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/paleo.html). STUDY NOTES: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) harvest date information for 27 regions in France, Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Luxemburg. The 27 regional composite grape harvest date (GHD) series are derived from 380 individual vinyard locations. Harvest dates are presented as the number of days after 31 August. Regional composite grape harvest date (GHD) series locations Location Latitude Longitude Alsace 48.17 7.28 Auvergne 45.58 3.17 Auxerre-Avalon 47.78 3.57 Beaujolais and Maconnais 46.24 4.58 Bordeaux 45.18 -0.75 Burgundy 47.32 5.04 Champagne 1 49.04 3.97 Champagne 2 47.98 4.28 Gaillac- South-West 43.9 1.9 Germany 48.77 9.17 High Loire Valley 47.07 2 Ile de France 48.93 2.23 Jura 46.93 5.88 Languedoc 43.6 3.87 Low Loire Valley 47.15 0.22 Luxembourg 49.67 6.13 Maritime alps 43.5 6 Northern Italy 46.22 10.17 Northern Lorraine 48.68 5.88 Northern Rhône valley 45.48 4.83 Savoie 45.6 6 Spain 42.34 -3.3 Southern Lorraine 47.98 5.88 Southern Rhône valley 43.98 5.05 Switzerland (Leman Lake) 46.57 6.52 Various South-East 43.74 3.47 Vendée - Poitou Charente 46.45 -1.5

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/europe2012ghd.txt GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/europe2012ghd.xls USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11