noaa-historical-20105 Caribbean 500 Year Shipwreck Frequency and Tree Growth Suppression Data Trouet, V.; Harley, G.L.; Domínguez-Delmás, M. Caribbean 500 Year Shipwreck Frequency and Tree Growth Suppression Data 2016-05-02 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20105 Investigator V. Trouet Investigator G.L. Harley Investigator M. Domínguez-Delmás earth science paleoclimate historical age,null,null,year Common Era,null,historical,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate tree ring phenological event,null,null,percent,null,tree ring,null,null,N,raw ring width at least 25% below the 10-y running mean of all growth rings earth science paleoclimate tree ring number of samples,null,null,count,null,tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate historical societal event,null,null,count,null,historical,null,null,N,Spanish shipwreck events that occurred in the Caribbean earth science paleoclimate tree ring age,null,null,year Common Era,null,tree ring,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate historical document geoscientificInformation Hurricanes and Tropical Cyclones Reconstruction PIEL Pinus elliottii Engelm. slash pine 1495 AD 2010 AD 455 cal yr BP -60 cal yr BP Complete 15 25 -85 -60 2 2 Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean Caribbean Sea Caribbean Sea>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE Continent North America United States Of America Florida Big Pine Key>LATITUDE 24.714>LONGITUDE -81.385 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Valerie Trouet, Grant L. Harley, Marta Domínguez-Delmás 2016 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 12 3169-3174 10.1073/pnas.1519566113 http://www.pnas.org/content/113/12/3169

Assessing the impact of future climate change on North Atlantic tropical cyclone (TC) activity is of crucial societal importance, but the limited quantity and quality of observational records interferes with the skill of future TC projections. In particular, North Atlantic TC response to radiative forcing is poorly understood and creates the dominant source of uncertainty for twenty-first-century projections. Here, we study TC variability in the Caribbean during the Maunder Minimum (MM; 1645-1715 CE), a period defined by the most severe reduction in solar irradiance in documented history (1610–present). For this purpose, we combine a documentary time series of Spanish shipwrecks in the Caribbean (1495-1825 CE) with a tree-growth suppression chronology from the Florida Keys (1707-2009 CE). We find a 75% reduction in decadal-scale Caribbean TC activity during the MM, which suggests modulation of the influence of reduced solar irradiance by the cumulative effect of cool North Atlantic sea surface temperatures, El Niño-like conditions, and a negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation. Our results emphasize the need to enhance our understanding of the response of these oceanic and atmospheric circulation patterns to radiative forcing and climate change to improve the skill of future TC projections. STUDY NOTES: Documentary time series of Spanish shipwrecks (1495-1825 CE) in the Caribbean, plus Florida Keys tree growth suppression data (1707-2009 CE), interpreted as tropical cyclone proxies.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/caribbean/trouet2016supp.txt Data Files; Big Pine Key Tree Growth Suppression Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/caribbean/trouet2016ship.txt Data Files; Caribbean Spanish Shipwreck Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-03-01 2019-03-01