<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-icecore-11173</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Svalbard Ice Cores 600 Year Annual d18O Data </Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Isaksson, E.; Divine, E.; Kohler, J.; Martma, T.; Pohjola, V.; Motoyama, H.; Watanabe, O.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Svalbard Ice Cores 600 Year Annual d18O Data </Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2011-05-20</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11173</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>E.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Isaksson</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>E.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Divine</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kohler</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>T.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Martma</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>V.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Pohjola</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>H.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Motoyama</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>O.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Watanabe</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>ice age,null,null,year Common Era,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,bulk ice,null,unspecified unit,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice core</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>oxygen isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Arctic Oscillation (AO)</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>1400 AD</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>1998 AD</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>550 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>-48 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>78.73</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>79.85</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>17.57</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>24.13</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>750</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>1020</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Europe</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Northern Europe</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Scandanavia</Location_Subregion2>
    <Location_Subregion3>Norway</Location_Subregion3>
    <Detailed_Location>Lomonosovfonna&gt;LATITUDE 78.73&gt;LONGITUDE 17.57</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Europe</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Northern Europe</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Scandanavia</Location_Subregion2>
    <Location_Subregion3>Norway</Location_Subregion3>
    <Detailed_Location>Austfonna&gt;LATITUDE 79.85&gt;LONGITUDE 24.13</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Isaksson, E., D. Divine, J. Kohler, T. Martma, V. Pohjola, 
H. Motoyama, and O. Watanabe. 2005. 
Climate oscillations as recorded in Svalbard ice core d18O 
records between 1200-1997 AD. 
Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography, 
Vol. 87, Issue 1, pp. 203-214, March 2005. 
DOI: 10.1111/j.0435-3676.2005.00253.x </Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>We apply two different time series analytical tools to d18O records 
from two Svalbard ice cores. One ice core is from Lomonosovfonna at 
1250 m a.s.l. and the other from Austfonna at 750 m a.s.l. These cores 
are estimated to cover at least the past 800 years and have been dated 
using a combinationof known reference horizons and glacial modelling. 
Wavelet analysis reveals low frequency oscillations on the 60-120-year 
scale on the lower elevation site Austfonna while the higher altitude 
site on Lomonosovfonna does not reveal such variability throughout 
the record. The second method, Significant Zero Crossing of Derivates 
(SiZer) does not resolve the low-frequency periodicity seen in the 
wavelet analysis. The low-frequency variability resolved by the wavelet 
analysis is similar to what has been found in various climate records 
including instrumental temperatures and tree-rings, and has been 
proposed as the most important oscillation for the observed trends 
in Arctic air temperatures. 
 
          STUDY NOTES: Annual oxygen isotope (d18O) data from the Lomonosovfonna 
and Austfonna ice cores, Svalbard, for the past 600 years. </Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/svalbard/svalbard2005d18o.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/polar/svalbard/svalbard2005d18o.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
