<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-icecore-11916</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Fedchenko Glacier, Tajikistan Trace Element Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Aizen, V.B.; Mayewski, P.A.; Aizen, E.M.; Joswiak, D.R.; Surazakov, A.B.; Kaspari, S.; Grigholm, B.; Krachler, M.; Handley, M.; Finaev, A.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Fedchenko Glacier, Tajikistan Trace Element Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2011-07-24</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11916</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>V.B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Aizen</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>P.A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Mayewski</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>E.M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Aizen</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>D.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Joswiak</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Surazakov</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kaspari</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Grigholm</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Krachler</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Handley</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Finaev</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>thallium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>calcium,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>iron,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>antimony,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>samarium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>holmium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>erbium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>uranium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>cerium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>neodymium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>chromium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>ytterbium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sample identification,null,null,null,null,ice cores,null,null,C,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>cesium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sulfur,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>titanium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>manganese,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>aluminum,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,meter,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>cadmium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>lanthanum,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>praseodymium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>terbium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>thulium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>strontium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>gadolinium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>dysprosium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>lutetium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>arsenic,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>vanadium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>cobalt,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>europium,bulk ice,null,parts per quadrillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>barium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>lead,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>bismuth,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,raw,inductively-coupled plasma field sector mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice core</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>chemistry</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>1900 AD</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>2000 AD</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>50 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>-50 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>38.55</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>38.55</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>72.26</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>72.26</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>5250</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>5250</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Southcentral Asia</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Tajikistan</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Fedchenko Glacier&gt;LATITUDE 38.55&gt;LONGITUDE 72.26</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Aizen, V.B., P.A. Mayewski, E.M. Aizen, D.R. Joswiak, A.B. Surazakov, 
S. Kaspari, B. Grigholm, M. Krachler, M. Handley, and A. Finaev. 2009. 
Stable-isotope and trace element time series from Fedchenko 
glacier (Pamirs) snow/firn cores. 
Journal of Glaciology, Vol. 55, No. 190, pp. 275-291, April 2009. 
DOI: 10.3189/002214309788608787 
</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>In summer 2005, two pilot snow/firn cores were obtained at 5365 
and 5206 m a.s.l. on Fedchenko glacier, Pamirs, Tajikistan, 
the world&apos;s longest and deepest alpine glacier. The well-defined 
seasonal layering appearing in stable-isotope and trace element 
distribution identified the physical links controlling the climate 
and aerosol concentration signals. Air temperature and humidity/
precipitation were the primary determinants of stable-isotope ratios. 
Most precipitation over the Pamirs originated in the Atlantic. 
In summer, water vapor was re-evaporated from semi-arid regions 
in central Eurasia. The semi-arid regions contribute to non-soluble 
aerosol loading in snow accumulated on Fedchenko glacier. In the 
Pamir core, concentrations of rare earth elements, major and other 
elements were less than those in the Tien Shan but greater than 
those in Antarctica, Greenland, the Alps and the Altai. 
The content of heavy metals in the Fedchenko cores is 2-14 times 
lower than in the Altai glaciers. Loess from Afghan-Tajik deposits 
is the predominant lithogenic material transported to the Pamirs. 
Trace elements generally showed that aerosol concentration tended 
to increase on the windward slopes during dust storms but tended 
to decrease with altitude under clear conditions. The trace element 
profile documented one of the most severe droughts in the 20th century. 

 
          STUDY NOTES: High-resolution Major and Trace Element data from two shallow 2005 
Fedchenko Glacier ice cores from upper accumulation zone of the Pamir.  
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/fedchenko/fedchenko2009.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/fedchenko/fedchenko2009.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
