<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-icecore-12950</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Belukha Glacier, Siberian Altai 750 Year Major Ions Data </Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Eichler, A.; Brütsch, S.; Olivier, S.; Papina, T.; Schwikowski, M.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Belukha Glacier, Siberian Altai 750 Year Major Ions Data </Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2012-05-29</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12950</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Eichler</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Brütsch</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Olivier</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>T.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Papina</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Schwikowski</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>ice age,null,null,year Common Era,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>chloride,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>nitrate,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sulfate,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sodium,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>ammonium,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>calcium,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>formate,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,10-year average</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>potassium,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>magnesium,bulk ice,null,microequivalent per liter,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice core</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>chemistry</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>1250 AD</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>2000 AD</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>700 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>-50 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>49.8072</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>49.8072</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>86.5786</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>86.5786</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>4062</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>4062</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Europe</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Eastern Europe</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Russia</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Belukha Glacier&gt;LATITUDE 49.8072&gt;LONGITUDE 86.5786</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Eichler, A., S. Brütsch, S. Olivier, T. Papina, and M. Schwikowski. 2009. 
A 750 year ice core record of past biogenic emissions from Siberian 
boreal forests. 
Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L18813, doi:10.1029/2009GL038807 </Reference>
  <Reference>Eichler, A., W. Tinner, S. Brütsch, S. Olivier, T. Papina, 
and M. Schwikowski. 2011. 
An ice-core based history of Siberian forest fires since AD 1250. 
Quat. Sci. Rev., 30, 1027-1034. 
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.02.007 </Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Emissions from forests represent an important source of gaseous 
precursors of aerosols that can significantly alter the regional 
radiation balance. Long-term records of biogenic emissions are 
available for Northern America and the Amazon Basin, whereas the 
historical development of emissions from Siberian forests, 
comprising about 20% of the world’s forested area, is unknown 
so far. Here we investigate ice core ammonium and formate records 
for the last 750 years, representing biogenic emissions from boreal 
Siberian forests in the pre-industrial era. Biogenic emissions 
were found to be closely related to changes in temperature following 
variations in solar activity. In addition, anthropogenic emissions 
have caused a strong increase of the ammonium concentrations 
and a drop of the formate concentrations in the last 60 years.  
          STUDY NOTES: 10-year averages of the major ion concentrations from the 2001 Belukha 
ice core, Siberian Altai. Dating uncertainties are &lt;3 years (AD 1815-2000), 
&lt;5 years (AD 1400-1815), and &lt;10 years (AD 1250-1400).

Belukha ice core, Siberian Altai: 
49°48&apos;26&quot;N, 86°34&apos;43&quot;E, elevation 4062 m a.s.l., 139 m long 


</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/belukha/belukha2009ions.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/belukha/belukha2009ions.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2019-03-29</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2019-03-29</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
