noaa-icecore-17805 GISP2 Ice Core 110,000 Year Ions Data Mayewski, P.A.; Meeker, L.D.; Twickler, M.S.; Whitlow, S.I.; Yang, Q.; Lyons, W.B.; Prentice, M. GISP2 Ice Core 110,000 Year Ions Data 1997-11-30 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17805 Investigator P.A. Mayewski Investigator L.D. Meeker Investigator M.S. Twickler Investigator S.I. Whitlow Investigator Q. Yang Investigator W.B. Lyons Investigator M. Prentice earth science paleoclimate ice cores depth at sample start,null,null,meter,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores ammonium,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores calcium,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores sulfate,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores sodium,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores magnesium,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores depth at sample end,null,null,meter,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores chloride,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores nitrate,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores ice age at sample end,null,null,calendar year before present,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores potassium,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores hydrogen peroxide,bulk ice,null,parts per billion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice core chemistry geoscientificInformation 110977 cal yr BP -34 cal yr BP Complete 72.6 72.6 -38.5 -38.5 3200 3200 Continent North America Greenland GISP2>LATITUDE 72.6>LONGITUDE -38.5 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Paul A. Mayewski, Loren D. Meeker, Mark S. Twickler, Sallie Whitlow, Qinzhao Yang, W. Berry Lyons, Michael Prentice 1997 Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 102 C12 26345-26366 10.1029/96JC03365 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/enhanced/doi/10.1029/96JC03365/

The Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 glaciochemical series (sodium, potassium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride) provides a unique view of the chemistry of the atmosphere and the history of atmospheric circulation over both the high latitudes and mid-low latitudes of the northern hemisphere. Interpretation of this record reveals a diverse array of environmental signatures that include the documentation of anthropogenically derived pollutants, volcanic and biomass burning events, storminess over marine surfaces, continental aridity and biogenic source strength plus information related to the controls on both high- and low-frequency climate events of the last 110,000 years. Climate forcings investigated include changes in insolation of the order of the major orbital cycles that control the long-term behavior of atmospheric circulation patterns through changes in ice volume (sea level), events such as the Heinrich events (massive discharges of icebergs first identified in the marine record) that are found to operate on a 6100-year cycle due largely to the lagged response of ice sheets to changes in insolation and consequent glacier dynamics, and rapid climate change events (massive reorganizations of atmospheric circulation) that are demonstrated to operate on 1450-year cycles. Changes in insolation and associated positive feedbacks related to ice sheets may assist in explaining favorable time periods and controls on the amplitude of massive rapid climate change events. Explanation for the exact timing and global synchroneity of these events is, however, more complicated. Preliminary evidence points to possible solar variability-climate associations for these events and perhaps others that are embedded in our ice-core-derived atmospheric circulation records. STUDY NOTES: Ion data set produced by the Glacier Research Group for the GISP2 B and D cores.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/chem/iond.txt Data File; GISP2 Ions Deep (D) Core GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/chem/detionb.txt Data File; GISP2 Ions B core (0-200 meters) Detailed GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/chem/detiond.txt Data File; GISP2 Ions Deep (D) Core Detailed GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/gisp2/chem/ionb.txt Data File; GISP2 Ions B core (0-200 meters) USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11