noaa-icecore-18056 Illimani Ice Core 2000 Year Pb Concentration and Pb Isotope Data Eichler, A.; Gramlich, G.; Kellerhals, T.; Tobler, L.; Schwikowski, M. Illimani Ice Core 2000 Year Pb Concentration and Pb Isotope Data 2015-02-24 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18056 Investigator A. Eichler Investigator G. Gramlich Investigator T. Kellerhals Investigator L. Tobler Investigator M. Schwikowski earth science paleoclimate ice cores cerium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,median earth science paleoclimate ice cores lead,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,filtered,null,N,crustal enrichment factor earth science paleoclimate ice cores ice age,null,null,year Common Era,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores 208Pb/207Pb,bulk ice,one standard error,dimensionless,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores 206Pb/207Pb,bulk ice,null,dimensionless,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores cerium,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,filtered,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores lead,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,filtered,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores 206Pb/207Pb,bulk ice,one standard error,dimensionless,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores lead,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,median crustal enrichment factor earth science paleoclimate ice cores 208Pb/207Pb,bulk ice,null,dimensionless,null,ice cores,averaged,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate ice cores lead,bulk ice,null,parts per trillion,null,ice cores,null,null,N,median earth science paleoclimate ice core chemistry geoscientificInformation 0 AD 2000 AD 1950 cal yr BP -50 cal yr BP Complete -16.6167 -16.6167 -67.7667 -67.7667 6300 6300 Continent South America Bolivia Illimani>LATITUDE -16.6167>LONGITUDE -67.7667 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Eichler, A., G. Gramlich, T. Kellerhals, L. Tobler, and M. Schwikowski 2015 Science Advances e1400196 1 1 http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/1/e1400196

Exploitation of the extensive polymetallic deposits of the Andean Altiplano in South America since pre-colonial times has caused substantial emissions of neurotoxic Pb into the atmosphere, however, its historical significance compared to recent Pb pollution from leaded gasoline is not yet resolved. Here we present a comprehensive, two millennia Pb emission history for South America, based on a continuous, high resolution, ice core record from Illimani glacier. Illimani is the highest mountain of the eastern Bolivian Andes and is located at the northeastern margin of the Andean Altiplano. The ice core Pb deposition history revealed enhanced Pb Enrichment Factors (EFs) due to metallurgical processing for silver production during periods of the Tiwanaku/Wari culture (AD 450-950), the Inca empires (AD 1450-1532), colonial times (AD 1532-1900), and tin production at the beginning of the 20th century. After the 1960s Pb EFs increased by a factor of three compared to the emission level from metal production, which we attribute to gasoline related Pb emissions. Our results show that anthropogenic Pb pollution levels from road traffic in South America exceed those of any historical metallurgy in the last two millennia, even in regions with exceptional high local metallurgical activity. STUDY NOTES: Lead (Pb) concentration and Pb isotopes from the 1999 Illimani ice core, Bolivian Andes, for the past 2,000 years. Data include 10 year medians and lowpass filtered Pb and Ce concentrations, Pb enrichment factors (EFs), and 10 year and 50 year averaged Pb isotope ratios. Additional References: Kellerhals, T., L. Tobler, S. Brütsch, M. Sigl, L. Wacker, H. W. Gäggeler, and M. Schwikowski. 2010. Thallium as a tracer for preindustrial volcanic eruptions in an ice core record from Illimani, Bolivia Environ. Sci. Technol. 44, 888-893 (2010). Sigl, M., T. M. Jenk, T. Kellerhals, S. Szidat, H. W. Gäggeler, L. Wacker, H.-A. Synal, C. Boutron, C. Barbante, J. Gabrieli, M. Schwikowski. 2009. Towards radiocarbon dating of ice cores. J. Glaciol. 55, 986-996. Knüsel, S., S. Brütsch, K. A. Henderson, A. S. Palmer, and M. Schwikowski. 2005. ENSO signals of the twentieth century in an ice core from Nevado Illimani, Bolivia. J. Geophys. Res. 110(D1), D01102, doi:10.1029/2004JD005420. Knüsel, S., P. Ginot, U. Schotterer, M. Schwikowski, H. W. Gaggeler, B. Francou, J. R. Petit, J. C. Simoes, J. D. Taupin. 2003. Dating of two nearby ice cores from the Illimani, Bolivia. J. Geophys. Res. 108, D6, 4181, doi:10.1029/2001JD002028.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pbiso50yr.txt Data File; Illimani Pb Isotope 50-Year Averages GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pb.txt Data File; Illimani Pb and Ce Concentration Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/trop/illimani/illimani2015pbiso10yr.txt Data File; Illimani Pb Isotope 10-Year Averages USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-03-29 2019-03-29