<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-icecore-2473</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>GRIP, North GRIP - Nitrous Oxide and Methane Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Flückiger, J.; Blunier, T.; Stauffer, B.; Chappellaz, J.A.; Spahni, R.; Kawamura, K.; Schwander, J.; Stocker, T.F.; Dahl-Jensen, D.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>GRIP, North GRIP - Nitrous Oxide and Methane Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2004-03-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/2473</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Flückiger</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>T.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Blunier</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Stauffer</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Chappellaz</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Spahni</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>K.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kawamura</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Schwander</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>T.F.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Stocker</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>D.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Dahl-Jensen</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate forcing|ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>nitrous oxide,bulk atmosphere,null,parts per billion,null,climate forcing|ice cores,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate forcing|ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>methane,bulk atmosphere,one standard deviation,parts per billion,null,climate forcing|ice cores,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,meter,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate forcing|ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>nitrous oxide,bulk atmosphere,one standard deviation,parts per billion,null,climate forcing|ice cores,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>gas age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,ice cores,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate forcing|ice cores</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>methane,bulk atmosphere,null,parts per billion,null,climate forcing|ice cores,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>ice core</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>atmospheric gas</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>76000 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>38100 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>72.58</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>75.1</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-42.33</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-37.63</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>2917</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>2917</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Greenland</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>GRIP&gt;LATITUDE 72.58&gt;LONGITUDE -37.63</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Greenland</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>North GRIP&gt;LATITUDE 75.1&gt;LONGITUDE -42.33</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Flückiger, Jacqueline, Thomas Blunier, Bernhard Stauffer, Jérôme Chappellaz, Renato Spahni, Kenji Kawamura, Jakob Schwander, Thomas F. Stocker and Dorthe Dahl-Jensen.  2004.  N2O and CH4 variations during the last glacial epoch: Insight into global processes.  Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 18(1). DOI: 10.1029/2003GB002122</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Greenhouse gas measurements along polar ice cores provide important insight into the former composition of the atmosphere, its natural variations, and the responses to fast climatic changes in the past. We present high-resolution nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) records measured along two ice cores from central Greenland covering part of Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 4 in the last glacial epoch. The N2O data confirm the hypothesis that N2O shows variations in phase to fast climatic changes observed in the Northern Hemisphere, the so-called Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. Variations exist not only for events with a long duration (1500 years and more) but also for the shorter ones. The comparison with CH4 unveils interesting differences between the response of CH4 and N2O to D-O events. While the average amplitudes of CH4 oscillations associated with D-O events are similar to those of the Northern Hemisphere summer insolation, the magnitude of the N2O concentration change instead correlates with the duration of the D-O events. The records give further insight into the timing of concentration changes at the beginning of D-O events. They show that for long-lasting events the N2O concentration starts to increase before both the sharp increase in the CH4 concentration and the temperature reconstructed for Greenland</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/ngrip/gases/ngrip_n2o-ch4_2004.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/grip/gases/grip_n2o-ch4_2004.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2019-03-15</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2019-03-15</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
