<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-lake-10310</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Castor Lake, Washington 6KYr Sediment Grayscale Data </Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Nelson, D.B.; Abbott, M.B.; Steinman, B.; Polissar, P.J.; Stansell, N.D.; Ortiz, J.D. ; Rosenmeier, M.F.; Finney, B.P.; Riedel, J.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Castor Lake, Washington 6KYr Sediment Grayscale Data </Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2011-02-22</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10310</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>D.B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Nelson</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Abbott</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Steinman</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>P.J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Polissar</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>N.D.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Stansell</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.D. </First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Ortiz</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.F.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Rosenmeier</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>B.P.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Finney</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Riedel</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>green intensity,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,image analysis,N,relative reflectance value</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,aragonite,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>red intensity,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,image analysis,N,relative reflectance value</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,aragonite,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,detrended|normalized,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,aragonite,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,year Common Era,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,aragonite,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,detrended|normalized,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>blue intensity,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,image analysis,N,relative reflectance value</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grayscale,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,image analysis,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grayscale,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,normalized,image analysis,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>physical properties</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>drought</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>6000 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>100 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>48.54</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>48.54</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-119.56</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-119.56</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>594</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>594</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Washington</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Castor Lake&gt;LATITUDE 48.54&gt;LONGITUDE -119.56</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Nelson, D.B., M.B. Abbott, B. Steinman, P.J. Polissar, 
N.D. Stansell, J.D. Ortiz, M.F. Rosenmeier, B.P. Finney, 
and J. Riedel.  2011. 
Drought variability in the Pacific Northwest 
from a 6,000-yr lake sediment record. 
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 
PNAS published ahead of print February 22, 2011, 
doi:10.1073/pnas.1009194108. 
</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>We present a 6,000-yr record of changing water balance in the 
Pacific Northwest inferred from measurements of carbonate d18O 
and grayscale on a sediment core collected from Castor Lake, 
Washington. This subdecadally resolved drought record tracks 
the 1,500-yr tree-ring-based Palmer Drought Severity Index 
reconstructions of Cook et al. [Cook ER, Woodhouse CA, 
Eakin CM, Meko DM, Stahle DW (2004) Science 306:1015-1018] 
in the Pacific Northwest and extends our knowledge back to 
6,000 yr B.P. The results demonstrate that low-frequency 
drought/pluvial cycles, with occasional long-duration, 
multidecadal events, are a persistent feature of regional 
climate. Furthermore, the average duration of multidecadal 
wet/dry cycles has increased since the middle Holocene, 
which has acted to increase the amplitude and impact of 
these events. This is especially apparent during the last 
1,000 yr. We suggest these transitions were driven by changes 
in the tropical and extratropical Pacific and are related to 
apparent intensification of the El Niño Southern Oscillation 
over this interval and its related effects on the Pacific 
Decadal Oscillation. The Castor Lake record also corroborates 
the notion that the 20th century, prior to recent aridity, 
was a relatively wet period compared to the last 6,000 yr. 
Our findings suggest that the hydroclimate response in the 
Pacific Northwest to future warming will be intimately tied 
to the impact of warming on the El Niño Southern Oscillation. 
 
          STUDY NOTES: Sediment gray scale data for Castor Lake, Washington, USA, 
providing a subdecadally resolved drought record for the 
Pacific Northwest over the past 6,000 years. 
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/washington/castor2011.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/washington/castor2011.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
