<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-lake-10455</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Farewell Lake, Alaska 2000 Year d18O and Temperature Reconstructions</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Hu, F.S.; Ito, E.; Brown, T.A.; Curry, B.B.; Engstrom, D.R.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Farewell Lake, Alaska 2000 Year d18O and Temperature Reconstructions</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2010-03-26</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10455</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>F.S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Hu</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>E.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Ito</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>T.A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Brown</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>B.B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Curry</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>D.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Engstrom</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,averaged,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,3 point average</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>lake surface temperature,delta 18O,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,anomalized|smoothed,null,N,3 point average; Paired oxygen-isotopic analyses of abiotic carbonate and benthic ostracodes</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,ostracod,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,averaged,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,3 point average; Candona ikpikpukensis</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>lake surface temperature,delta 18O,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,anomalized,null,N,growing season; Paired oxygen-isotopic analyses of abiotic carbonate and benthic ostracodes</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,ostracod,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,averaged,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,3 point average; Candona ikpikpukensis</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,ostracod,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Candona ikpikpukensis</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,averaged,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,3 point average</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,ostracod,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,Candona ikpikpukensis</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>reconstruction</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>oxygen isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>carbon isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Air Temperature Reconstruction</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Medieval Warm Period</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>-45 AD</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>1962 AD</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>1995 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>-12 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>62.55</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>62.55</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-153.6333</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-153.6333</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>320</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>320</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Alaska</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Farewell Lake&gt;LATITUDE 62.55&gt;LONGITUDE -153.6333</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Hu, F.S., E. Ito, T.A. Brown, B.B. Curry, and D.R. Engstrom. 2001.
Pronounced Climatic Variations in Alaska during the Last Two Millennia.  
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 98, No. 19, 
pp. 10552-10556, Sep. 11, 2001.  DOI: 10.1073/pnas.181333798 
</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Paired oxygen-isotopic analyses of abiotic carbonate and benthic  
ostracode shells from lake sediments provide a continuous quantitative 
record of growing-season temperature for the past 2000 years in the 
northwestern foothills of the Alaska Range. This record reveals three 
time intervals of comparable warmth: anno Domini (A.D.) 0-300, 
850-1200, and post-1800, the latter two of which correspond to the 
Medieval Climatic Anomaly and climatic amelioration after the end 
of the Little Ice Age. The Little Ice Age culminated at A.D. 1700, 
when the climate was -1.7°C colder than at present. A marked climatic 
cooling also occurred around A.D. 600, coinciding with extensive 
glacial advances in Alaska. Comparisons of this temperature record 
with ostracode trace-element ratios (Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca) further suggest 
that colder periods were wetter and vice versa during the past 
2000 years. 
 
          STUDY NOTES: Paired oxygen isotope data from abiotic carbonate and benthic  
ostracode shells and reconstructed growing season temperature 
for the past 2000 years from Farewell Lake, in the northwestern 
foothills of the Alaska Range. 

</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/farewell2001.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/farewell2001.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
