<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-lake-12503</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Nerfloen Norway 7800 Year Lake Sediment Data </Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Vasskog, K.; Paasche, O.; Nesje, A.; Boyle, J.; Birks, H.J.B.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Nerfloen Norway 7800 Year Lake Sediment Data </Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2012-02-13</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12503</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>K.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Vasskog</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>O.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Paasche</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Nesje</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Boyle</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>H.J.B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Birks</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>manganese,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grain size class,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,very coarse silt</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,normalized,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>iron,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>mass magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,x10-7 units</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>zirconium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grain size class,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,medium silt</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>clay,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,axis 1</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>potassium/titanium,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grain size class,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,fine silt</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grain size class,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,very fine silt</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grain size class,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,coarse silt</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>rubidium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>strontium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>density,dry sediment,null,gram per cubic centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>organic matter,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,loss on ignition,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>physical properties</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>geochemistry</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>7775 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>-20 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>61.9333</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>61.9333</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>6.8667</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>6.8667</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>29</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>29</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Europe</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Northern Europe</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Scandanavia</Location_Subregion2>
    <Location_Subregion3>Norway</Location_Subregion3>
    <Detailed_Location>Nerfloen&gt;LATITUDE 61.9333&gt;LONGITUDE 6.8667</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Vasskog, K., Ø. Paasche, A. Nesje, J.F. Boyle, and H.J.B. Birks. 2012. 
A new approach for reconstructing glacier variability based on 
lake sediments recording input from more than one glacier. 
Quaternary Research, Vol. 77, Issue 1, January 2012, pp 192-204. 
doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2011.10.001 

</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>We explore the possibility of building a continuous glacier 
reconstruction by analyzing the integrated sedimentary response 
of a large (440 km2) glacierized catchment in western Norway, 
as recorded in the downstream lake Nerfloen (N61°56&apos;, E6°52&apos;). 
A multi-proxy numerical analysis demonstrates that it is possible 
to distinguish a glacier component in the ~8000-yr-long record, 
based on distinct changes in grain size, geochemistry, and magnetic 
composition. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reveals a strong 
common signal in the 15 investigated sedimentary parameters, 
with the first principal component explaining 77% of the 
total variability. This signal is interpreted to reflect glacier 
activity in the upstream catchment, an interpretation that is 
independently tested through a mineral magnetic provenance analysis 
of catchment samples.  Minimum glacier input is indicated between 
6700-5700 cal yr BP, probably reflecting a situation when most 
glaciers in the catchment had melted away, whereas the highest 
glacier activity is observed around 600 and 200 cal yr BP. 
During the local Neoglacial interval (~4200 cal yr BP until present), 
five individual periods of significantly reduced glacier extent 
are identified at ~3400, 3000-2700, 2100-2000, 1700-1500, 
and ~900 cal yr BP. 
 
          STUDY NOTES: This file contains the data plotted in figure 8 in Vasskog et al. 2012. 
This includes the first principal component (1st PC) of 15 lake sediment 
parameters, and the ratio between bulk magnetic susceptibility measured 
at 77K and 293K, plotted against a 4th degree polynomial age-depth model. 

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is employed to detect patterns 
of variability that are shared between the investigated lake sediment 
variables. The PCA includes primary count rates of Fe, Rb, Mn, Sr, Zr, 
and the K/Ti ratio, six grain-size classes as compositional percentages, 
and physical sediment variables LOI, DBD, and XBulk, resulting in a 
final data set containing 15 different variables, with a stratigraphical 
resolution of one centimeter.  The first PCA explains 77% of the total 
variability of the data set. 

</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/norway/nerfloen2012.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/norway/nerfloen2012.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
