<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-lake-13610</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Lake El&apos;gygytgyn, NE Russia Quaternary Multiproxy Lake Sediment Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Melles, M.; Brigham-Grette, J.; Minyuk, P.S.; Nowaczyk, N.R.; Wennrich, V.; DeConto, R.M.; Anderson, P.M.; Andreev, A.A.; Coletti, A.; Cook, T.L.; Haltia-Hovi, E.; Kukkonen, M.; Lozhkin, A.V.; Rosén, P.; Tarasov, P.E.; Vogel, H.; Wagner, B.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Lake El&apos;gygytgyn, NE Russia Quaternary Multiproxy Lake Sediment Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2012-12-13</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13610</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Melles</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Brigham-Grette</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>P.S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Minyuk</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>N.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Nowaczyk</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>V.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Wennrich</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>R.M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>DeConto</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>P.M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Anderson</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Andreev</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Coletti</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>T.L.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Cook</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>E.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Haltia-Hovi</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kukkonen</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.V.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Lozhkin</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>P.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Rosén</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>P.E.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Tarasov</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>H.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Vogel</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>B.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Wagner</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>temperature,null,range lower bound,degree Celsius,warmest month,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,modern analogue technique,N,maximum value in the range of best modern analogs</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>temperature,null,range upper bound,degree Celsius,warmest month,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,modern analogue technique,N,minimum value in the range of best modern analogs</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>notes,null,null,null,null,paleolimnology,null,null,C,Facies</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>precipitation,null,range lower bound,millimeter,annual,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,modern analogue technique,N,maximum value in the range of best modern analogs</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>precipitation,null,range upper bound,millimeter,annual,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,modern analogue technique,N,minimum value in the range of best modern analogs</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>organic carbon,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,warmest month,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,modern analogue technique,N,best modern analog</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>precipitation,null,null,millimeter,annual,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,modern analogue technique,N,best modern analog</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age at sample start,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age at sample end,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>biogenic silica,sediment,null,weight percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,sequential leaching technique</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>volume magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,dimensionless (SI system),null,paleolimnology,null,magnetic susceptibility measurement with point or surface sensor,N,x10-6 units</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>manganese/iron,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>silicon/titanium,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,smoothed,energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>biogenic silica,sediment,null,weight percent,null,paleolimnology,null,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>reconstruction</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>magnetic susceptibility</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>age control</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>population abundance</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>physical properties</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>geochemistry</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>mineralogy</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Arctic</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>2805000 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>0 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>67.4997</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>67.4997</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>172.1038</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>172.1038</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>492</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>492</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Europe</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Eastern Europe</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Russia</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Lake El&apos;gygytgyn&gt;LATITUDE 67.4997&gt;LONGITUDE 172.1038</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Melles, M., J. Brigham-Grette, P.S. Minyuk, N.R. Nowaczyk, V. Wennrich, 
R.M. DeConto, P.M. Anderson, A.A. Andreev, A. Coletti, T.L. Cook,  
E. Haltia-Hovi, M. Kukkonen, A.V. Lozhkin, P. Rosén, P. Tarasov,  
H. Vogel, and B. Wagner. 2012. 
2.8 Million Years of Arctic Climate Change from Lake El&apos;gygytgyn, NE Russia. 
Science, Vol. 337, no. 6092, pp. 315-320, 20 July 2012. 
DOI: 10.1126/science.1222135</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>The reliability of Arctic climate predictions is currently hampered 
by insufficient knowledge of natural climate variability in the past. 
A sediment core from Lake El´gygytgyn (NE Russia) provides a continuous 
high-resolution record from the Arctic spaning the past 2.8 Ma. 
The core reveals numerous &quot;super interglacials&quot; during the Quaternary, 
with maximum summer temperatures and annual precipitation during marine 
benthic isotope stages (MIS) 11c and 31 ~4-5 °C and ~300 mm higher than 
those of MIS 1 and 5e. Climate simulations show these extreme warm 
conditions are difficult to explain with greenhouse gas and astronomical 
forcing alone, implying the importance of amplifying feedbacks and far 
field influences. The timing of Arctic warming relative to West Antarctic 
Ice Sheet retreats implies strong interhemispheric climate connectivity.  
          STUDY NOTES: Multiproxy sediment data from Lake El&apos;gygytgyn, NE Russia for the past 
2.800 Ma.  Data include core recovery, the age-depth model, sediment facies 
and mass movement deposits, sediment physical properties, total organic 
carbon content, paleomagnetic reversals, pollen data, pollen derived 
temperature and precipitation reconstruction data, and elemental ratio 
derived from X-ray fluorescence scanning. </Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/asia/russia/elgygytgyn2012.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/asia/russia/elgygytgyn2012.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
