noaa-lake-19424 Lake Malawi 1.3MYr Geochemical Data and Principal Components Analysis Lyons, R.P.; Scholz, C.A.; Cohen, A.S.; King, J.W.; Brown, E.T.; Ivory, S.J.; Johnson, T.C.; Deino, A.L.; Reinthal, P.N.; McGlue, M.M.; Blome, M.W. Lake Malawi 1.3MYr Geochemical Data and Principal Components Analysis 2015-12-07 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19424 Investigator R.P. Lyons Investigator C.A. Scholz Investigator A.S. Cohen Investigator J.W. King Investigator E.T. Brown Investigator S.J. Ivory Investigator T.C. Johnson Investigator A.L. Deino Investigator P.N. Reinthal Investigator M.M. McGlue Investigator M.W. Blome earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,PC#1 earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology calcium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,kcounts/sec earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology lightness,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,image analysis,N,CIE scale earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology organic carbon,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology density,wet sediment,null,gram per cubic centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,gamma ray attenuation porosity evaluation,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology depth,null,null,meter,null,paleolimnology,composited,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology delta 13C,organic matter,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology carbon isotopes earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology physical properties earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology geochemistry geoscientificInformation 1277697 cal yr BP 10694 cal yr BP Complete -11.29389 -11.29389 34.43722 34.43722 500 500 Continent Africa Eastern Africa Malawi Lake Malawi, core GLAD7-MAL05-1>LATITUDE -11.29389>LONGITUDE 34.43722 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Robert P. Lyons, Christopher A. Scholz, Andrew S Cohen, John W. King, Erik T. Brown, Sarah J. Ivory, Thomas C. Johnson, Alan L. Deino, Peter N. Reinthal, Michael M. McGlue, and Margaret W. Blome 2015 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 10.1073/pnas.1512864112 http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2015/12/01/1512864112.abstract

The transport of moisture in the tropics is a critical process for the global energy budget and on geologic timescales, has markedly influenced continental landscapes, migratory pathways, and biological evolution. Here we present a continuous, first-of-its-kind 1.3-My record of continental hydroclimate and lake-level variability derived from drill core data from Lake Malawi, East Africa (9-15S). Over the Quaternary, we observe dramatic shifts in effective moisture, resulting in large-scale changes in one of the world's largest lakes and most diverse freshwater ecosystems. Results show evidence for 24 lake level drops of more than 200 m during the Late Quaternary, including 15 lowstands when water levels were more than 400 m lower than modern. A dramatic shift is observed at the Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT), consistent with far-field climate forcing, which separates vastly different hydroclimate regimes before and after ~800,000 years ago. Before 800 ka, lake levels were lower, indicating a climate drier than today, and water levels changed frequently. Following the MPT high-amplitude lake level variations dominate the record. From 800 to 100 ka, a deep, often overfilled lake occupied the basin, indicating a wetter climate, but these highstands were interrupted by prolonged intervals of extreme drought. Periods of high lake level are observed during times of high eccentricity. The extreme hydroclimate variability exerted a profound influence on the Lake Malawi endemic cichlid fish species flock; the geographically extensive habitat reconfiguration provided novel ecological opportunities, enabling new populations to differentiate rapidly to distinct species. STUDY NOTES: Continuous geochemical data and principal components analysis for sediments collectd in Lake Malawi, East Africa, for the past 1.3 million years. PCA was performed on total organic carbon (TOC), d13C of organic matter, saturated bulk density, carbonate abundance, and lightness of color (L*).

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/malawi2015pca.txt Data File; Lake Malawi PCA Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/malawi2015carb.txt Data File; Lake Malawi TOC and d13C Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/malawi2015color.txt Data File; Lake Malawi Sediment Lightness Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/malawi2015density.txt Data File; Lake Malawi Wet Bulk Density Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/malawi2015ca.txt Data File; Lake Malawi Calcium Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/eastafrica/malawi2015.xlsx Excel Data File; Lake Malawi All Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11