noaa-lake-19465 Genovesa Crater Lake, Galápagos 400 Year Sediment Elemental Data Conroy, J.L.; Thompson, D.M.; Collins, A.; Overpeck, J.T.; Bush, M.B.; Cole, J.E. Genovesa Crater Lake, Galápagos 400 Year Sediment Elemental Data 2015-11-06 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19465 Investigator J.L. Conroy Investigator D.M. Thompson Investigator A. Collins Investigator J.T. Overpeck Investigator M.B. Bush Investigator J.E. Cole earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology calcium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,pelletized sediment earth science paleoclimate instrumental collection date,null,null,year Common Era,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental air temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental precipitation,null,null,millimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental surface downwelling shortwave radiation,null,null,watt per square meter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental wind speed,null,null,meter per second,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental salinity,lake water,null,parts per thousand,null,instrumental,null,null,N,3m water depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental lake water temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,instrumental,null,null,N,7m water depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental lake surface temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental density,lake water,null,gram per square centimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,25m water depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental wind direction,null,null,degree,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology age,null,null,year Common Era,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology silicon,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,smoothed,energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,resin-embedded sediment; 21 point smoothing applied earth science paleoclimate instrumental collection date,null,null,day of month,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental salinity,lake water,null,parts per thousand,null,instrumental,null,null,N,25m water depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental collection date,null,null,month of year,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental density,lake water,null,gram per square centimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,3m water depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental density,lake water,null,gram per square centimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,7m water depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental lake level,null,null,centimeter,null,instrumental,anomalized,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental evaporation,null,null,millimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology calcium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,smoothed,energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,resin-embedded sediment; 21 point smoothing applied earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology silicon,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,pelletized sediment earth science paleoclimate instrumental salinity,lake water,null,parts per thousand,null,instrumental,null,null,N,7m water depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental lake water temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,instrumental,null,null,N,25m water depth earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology geochemistry geoscientificInformation 1605 AD 2012 AD 345 cal yr BP -62 cal yr BP Complete .33 .33 -89.96 -89.96 0 0 Ocean Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean Galapagos Islands Genovesa Crater Lake>LATITUDE .33>LONGITUDE -89.96 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Jessica L. Conroy, Diane M. Thompson, Aaron Collins, Jonathan T. Overpeck, Mark B. Bush, Julia E. Cole 2014 Journal of Paleolimnology 52 4 331-347 10.1007/s10933-014-9797-z http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10933-014-9797-z

Genovesa Crater Lake is a remote, hypersaline lake in the northern Galápagos archipelago that contains a finely laminated sediment record. This sediment record has the potential to provide a high-resolution history of past climate variability in the eastern tropical Pacific. Here we present modern climate, lake, and sediment observations from 2009 to 2012 to explore how local climate variability influences Genovesa Crater Lake and its sediments. Surface lake temperature is strongly linked to air temperature and is highly seasonal. Temperature stratification is strongest during the warm season, whereas temperature becomes more uniform through the water column in the cool season. Deeper and earlier mixing occurred during the 2010 La Niña, which subsequently delayed 2011 cool season mixing and maximum warm season surface temperatures in 2011 and 2012. Lake salinity changes are influenced by precipitation, evaporation and persistent seawater influx. The largest declines in subsurface salinity follow months after the rainy season, when temperatures cool and fresher surface water from the previous warm/wet season mixes into the subsurface. Between 2009 and 2012, more calcium carbonate precipitated during a period of higher salinity. The period of highest calcium carbonate abundance measured in sediment records that span the late nineteenth to twentieth century coincides with the failure of two consecutive rainy seasons in 1988 and 1989 as well as the coldest monthly sea surface temperature measured at Puerto Ayora in 1989. More calcium carbonate-rich laminae from AD 1550 ± 70 to 1675 ± 90 may indicate a greater frequency of prolonged droughts or cooler temperatures, although enhanced productivity may also modulate carbonate precipitation. More Ca-rich laminae in Genovesa coincide with dry conditions inferred from other Galápagos sediment proxies, as well as prolonged dry and cool conditions inferred from reconstructions of the Southern Oscillation Index and NINO3 sea surface temperatures. STUDY NOTES: Sediment elemental geochemistry and lake water chemistry measurements from Genovesa Crater Lake, Galápagos

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014water.txt Data File; Genovesa Crater Lake Water Measurements GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gu4.txt Data File; Genovesa Crater Lake Core GU-4 Elemental Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014weather.txt Data File; Genovesa Crater Lake Weather Station Measurements GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gen6.txt Data File; Genovesa Crater Lake Core Gen-6 Elemental Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/genovesa2014gu6.txt Data File; Genovesa Crater Lake Core GU-6 Elemental Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11