noaa-lake-21061 Martin Lake, Indiana 2100 Year Stable Isotope and Lithics Data Bird, B.W.; Wilson, J.; Gilhooly, W.P.; Steinman, B.; Stamps, L. Martin Lake, Indiana 2100 Year Stable Isotope and Lithics Data 2017-01-31 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/21061 Investigator B.W. Bird Investigator J. Wilson Investigator W.P. Gilhooly Investigator B. Steinman Investigator L. Stamps earth science paleoclimate instrumental collection date,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,C,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental sample identification,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,C,River Name earth science paleoclimate instrumental notes,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,N,cluster designation earth science paleoclimate instrumental delta 2H,river water,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental longitude,null,null,degree east,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology sample identification,null,null,null,null,paleolimnology,null,null,C,site name earth science paleoclimate instrumental notes,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,C,type of precipitation earth science paleoclimate instrumental delta 18O,precipitation,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Indianapolis earth science paleoclimate instrumental delta 18O,lake water,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Martin Lake earth science paleoclimate instrumental collection water depth,null,null,meter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,meters below lake water surface earth science paleoclimate instrumental collection date,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,C,mm/dd/yy format earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology longitude,null,null,degree east,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology delta 13C,calcite,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology delta 18O,calcite,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental delta 2H,lake water,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Martin Lake earth science paleoclimate instrumental delta 18O,river water,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology sample identification,null,null,null,null,paleolimnology,null,null,C,area name earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology sample identification,null,null,null,null,paleolimnology,null,null,C,state name earth science paleoclimate instrumental delta 2H,precipitation,null,per mil VPDB,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Indianapolis earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology mineral matter,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,lithic grains abundance; bulk sediment minus organics minus biogenic silica minus carbonates earth science paleoclimate instrumental latitude,null,null,degree north,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Composite depth earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology latitude,null,null,degree north,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology oxygen isotopes earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology carbon isotopes earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology geochemistry geoscientificInformation 5390 cal yr BP -66 cal yr BP Complete 41.564 41.564 -85.383 -85.383 274 274 Continent North America United States Of America Indiana Martin Lake>LATITUDE 41.564>LONGITUDE -85.383 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Broxton W. Bird, Jeremy J. Wilson, William P. Gilhooly III, Byron A. Steinman, Lucas Stamps 2017 Scientific Reports 7 41628 10.1038/srep41628

Climate's influence on late Pre-Columbian (pre-1492 CE), maize-dependent Native American populations in the midcontinental United States (US) is poorly understood as regional paleoclimate records are sparse and/or provide conflicting perspectives. Here, we reconstruct regional changes in precipitation source and seasonality and local changes in warm-season duration and rainstorm events related to the Pacific North American pattern (PNA) using a 2100-year-long multi-proxy lake-sediment record from the midcontinental US. Wet midcontinental climate reflecting negative PNA-like conditions occurred during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (950-1250 CE) as Native American populations adopted intensive maize agriculture, facilitating population aggregation and the development of urban centers between 1000-1200 CE. Intensifying midcontinental socio-political instability and warfare between 1250-1350 CE corresponded with drier positive PNA-like conditions, culminating in the staggered abandonment of many major Native American river valley settlements and large urban centers between 1350-1450 CE during an especially severe warm-season drought. We hypothesize that this sustained drought interval rendered it difficult to support dense populations and large urban centers in the midcontinental US by destabilizing regional agricultural systems, thereby contributing to the host of socio-political factors that led to population reorganization and migration in the midcontinent and neighboring regions shortly before European contact. STUDY NOTES: 2100 year record of calcite oxygen and carbon isotopes and %lithics from laminated lake sediments collected in Martin Lake, Lagrange County, Indiana, USA.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017precip-iso.txt Formatted Text File; Precipitation Isotope Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017water-iso.txt Formatted Text File; Lake Water Isotope Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017river-iso.txt Formatted Text File; River Water Isotope Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017iso.txt Formatted Text File; Martin Lake Stable Isotope Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017lithic.txt Formatted Text File; Martin Lake Lithics Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/indiana/martin2017human-d13c.txt Formatted Text File; Human Skeletal d13C Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11