noaa-lake-22274 Bainbridge Crater Lake, Galápagos 6,000 Year Geochemical and Pollen Data Thompson, D.M.; Conroy, J.L.; Collins, A.; Hlohowskyj, S.; Overpeck, J.T.; Riedinger-Whitmore, M.; Cole, J.E.; Bush, M.B.; Corley, T.L.; Steinitz-Kannan, M. Bainbridge Crater Lake, Galápagos 6,000 Year Geochemical and Pollen Data 2017-06-22 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22274 Investigator D.M. Thompson Investigator J.L. Conroy Investigator A. Collins Investigator S. Hlohowskyj Investigator J.T. Overpeck Investigator M. Riedinger-Whitmore Investigator J.E. Cole Investigator M.B. Bush Investigator T.L. Corley Investigator M. Steinitz-Kannan earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology silicon,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology titanium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology arsenic,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology age at sample end,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,composite was created from the images of the two longest cores to obtain a record free of slumping earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology calcium/potassium,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans normalized to potassium to remove variability associated with the thickness of the embedded sediments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology strontium/potassium,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans normalized to potassium to remove variability associated with the thickness of the embedded sediments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology iron,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology sulfur,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Mean across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology titanium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Mean across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate instrumental evaporation,null,null,millimeter per day,null,instrumental,null,null,N,evaporation at the lake surface in mm/day calculated from local air temperature lake temperature solar radiation and wind speed along with relative humidity from Puerto Ayora using the energy budget equation [Shuttleworth 1993] earth science paleoclimate instrumental density,lake water,null,gram per cubic centimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Water Density at 1m depth earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology magnesium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology chlorine,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology vanadium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology depth at sample start,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology event layer,sediment,null,count,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,CaCO3 laminae count per bin earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology principal component,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,"PC #1; Elemental count rates were normalized to potassium to remove variability associated with the thickness of the embedded sediments; Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis was performed in MATLAB on the correlation matrix of u-XRF K-normalized count rates; strong positive loadings for S"","" Ca and Sr (eigenvectors: 0.52"","" 0.61"","" 0.41"","" respectively) and negative loadings for Si and Fe (eigenvectors: -0.32 and -0.25"","" respectively)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology titanium/potassium,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans normalized to potassium to remove variability associated with the thickness of the embedded sediments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology calcium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology iron,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Mean across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate instrumental surface downwelling shortwave radiation,null,null,watt per square meter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,total daily solar radiation measured from the weather station earth science paleoclimate instrumental air temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental wind speed,null,null,meter per second,null,instrumental,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental precipitation minus evaporation,null,null,millimeter per day,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Bainbridge Rain- Evaporation earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology sulfur/potassium,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans normalized to potassium to remove variability associated with the thickness of the embedded sediments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology sample identification,null,null,null,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,"Sample: 1=""2010 Sed trap""; 2=""2012 Sed trap""; 3-7=""Bain Rocks""; 8=""Bain Soil""" earth science paleoclimate instrumental surface downwelling shortwave radiation,null,null,watt per square meter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,average daytime solar radiation measured from the weather station earth science paleoclimate instrumental electrical conductivity,lake water,null,microsiemens,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Actual Conductivity at 1m depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental electrical conductivity,lake water,null,microsiemens,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Specific Conductivity at 1 m depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental collection date,null,null,null,null,instrumental,null,null,C,Date format: mm/dd/yyyy earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology manganese,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology copper,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology chlorine/potassium,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans normalized to potassium to remove variability associated with the thickness of the embedded sediments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology chlorine,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Mean across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate instrumental precipitation,null,null,millimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,total daily rainfall earth science paleoclimate instrumental total dissolved solids,lake water,null,parts per thousand,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Total Dissolved Solids at 1m depth earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology phosphorus,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology depth at sample end,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology age,null,null,year Common Era,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate instrumental wind speed,null,null,meter per second,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Average daily gust speed earth science paleoclimate instrumental precipitation minus evaporation,null,null,millimeter per day,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Puerto Ayora Rain - Evaporation earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology zinc,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology age at sample start,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology strontium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology silicon,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology strontium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology calcium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Mean across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology strontium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Mean across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology aluminum,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology iron,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology event layer,sediment,null,count,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Siliciclastic lamanae count per bin earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology silicon/potassium,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans normalized to potassium to remove variability associated with the thickness of the embedded sediments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology molybdenum,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). The source contains Mo so these numbers should be interpreted with caution. earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology technetium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology sulfur,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology chlorine,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology potassium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology titanium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology potassium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Mean across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology sodium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate instrumental wind direction,null,null,degree,null,instrumental,null,null,N,average daily wind direction earth science paleoclimate instrumental lake water temperature,null,null,degree Celsius,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Water temperature at 1m depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental salinity,lake water,null,practical salinity unit,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Salinity at 1m depth earth science paleoclimate instrumental resistivity,lake water,null,ohm centimeter,null,instrumental,null,null,N,Resistivity at 1m depth earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology sulfur,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology potassium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology calcium,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,Measurements of elemental count rates were made on an EDAX Eagle III tabletop scanning micro x-ray fluorescence (u-XRF) analyzer over a 15 second integration time at 100 um spacing along 2 line scans spanning pellets of compressed sample material (keV=40 uA=400). earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology grayscale,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,composited,image analysis,N,Created from composite images of the two longest cores to obtain a record free of slumping; Image J v. 1.0 grayscale analysis earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology iron/potassium,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Median across 7 parallel line scans normalized to potassium to remove variability associated with the thickness of the embedded sediments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology silicon,sediment,null,count per second,null,paleolimnology,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,"Mean across 7 parallel line scans of the sediment core at 100um increments; u-XRF over a 15 second integration time (Kev=40"","" uA=400)" earth science paleoclimate instrumental precipitation,null,null,millimeter per day,null,instrumental,null,null,N,collected from the Charles Darwin Research Station in Puerto Ayora earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology population abundance earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology physical properties earth science paleoclimate paleolimnology geochemistry geoscientificInformation 6000 cal yr BP -62 cal yr BP Complete -.35 -.35 -90.57 -90.57 0 0 Ocean Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean Galapagos Islands Bainbridge Crater Lake>LATITUDE -.35>LONGITUDE -90.57 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

325 Broadway, E/NE31

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Thompson, D.M.; Conroy, J.L.; Collins, A.; Hlohowskyj, S.; Overpeck, J.T.; Riedinger-Whitmore, M.; Cole, J.E.; Bush, M.B.; Corley, T.L.; Steinitz Kannan, M. 2017 Paleoceanography Melanie A. Riedinger, Miriam Steinitz-Kannan, William M. Last, Mark Brenner 2002 Journal of Paleolimnology 27 1 1-7 10.1023/A:1013514408468 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A%3A1013514408468

Finely laminated sediments within Bainbridge Crater Lake, Galápagos provide a record of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events over the Holocene. Despite the importance of this sediment record, hypotheses for how climate variability is preserved in the lake sediments have not been tested. Here we present results of long-term monitoring of the local climate and limnology and a revised interpretation of the sediment record. Brown-green, organic rich, siliciclastic laminae reflect warm, wet conditions typical of El Niño events, whereas carbonate and gypsum precipitate during cool, dry La Niña events and persistent dry periods, respectively. Applying this new interpretation, we find ENSO events of both phases were generally less frequent during the mid-Holocene (~6100-4000 cal. years BP) relative to the last ~1500 cal. years. Abundant carbonate laminations between 3500 and 3000 cal. years BP imply that conditions in the Galápagos region were cool and dry during this period when the tropical Pacific E-W SST gradient likely strengthened. The frequency of El Niño and La Niña events then intensified dramatically around 1750-2000 cal. years BP, consistent with a weaker SST gradient and an increased frequency of ENSO events in other regional records. This strong interannual variability persisted until ~700 cal. years BP, when ENSO-related variability at the lake decreased as the SST gradient strengthened. Persistent, dry conditions then dominated between 300 and 50 cal. years BP (AD 1650-1900, ± ~100 years), whereas wetter conditions and frequent El Niño events dominated in the most recent century. STUDY NOTES: Multiproxy lake sediment data from Bainbridge Crater Lake, Galapagos, including laminae counts, XRF elemental analysis, sediment grayscale, and pollen counts and classifications.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/bainbridge2017pollenclass.txt Formatted Text Data File; Bainbridge Crater Lake 2007 Core Pollen Classification Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/bainbridge2017xrf.txt Formatted Text Data File; Bainbridge Crater Lake 2009 Core XRF Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/bainbridge2017pollen.txt Formatted Text Data File; Bainbridge Crater Lake 2007 Core Pollen Counts Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/bainbridge2017sedtrap.txt Formatted Text Data File; Bainbridge Crater Lake Sediment Trap Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/bainbridge2017station.txt Formatted Text Data File; Bainbridge Crater Lake Station and Sonde data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/bainbridge2017grayscale.txt Formatted Text Data File; Bainbridge Crater Lake 2007 Core Sediment Grayscale Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/bainbridge2017laminae.txt Formatted Text Data File; Bainbridge Crater Lake 1991 Core Laminae Type Frequency Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/ecuador/galapagos/bainbridge2017grayscale-ann.txt Formatted Text Data File; Bainbridge Crater Lake 2007 Core Annual Sediment Grayscale Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11