<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-lake-5454</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana Late Quaternary Magnetic Mineral Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Peck, J.A.; Green, R.R.; Shanahan, T.; King, J.W.; Overpeck, J.T.; Scholz, C.A.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana Late Quaternary Magnetic Mineral Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2007-01-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5454</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Peck</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>R.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Green</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>T.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Shanahan</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.W.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>King</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.T.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Overpeck</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>C.A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Scholz</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>volume magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,dimensionless (SI system),null,paleolimnology,null,magnetic susceptibility measurement with ring or loop sensor,N,x10-5 units</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>S-ratio,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>saturation isothermal remanent magnetization,sediment,null,milliampere square meter per kilogram,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Mrs</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>coercivity of remanence,sediment,null,millitesla,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Hcr</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>organic matter,sediment,null,weight percent,null,paleolimnology,null,loss on ignition,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>saturation isothermal magnetization,sediment,null,milliampere square meter per kilogram,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Ms</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,year Common Era,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>saturation isothermal remanent magnetization/saturation isothermal magnetization,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Mr/Ms</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>initial magnetization slope,sediment,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,IS</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,radiocarbon year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>coercivity,sediment,null,millitesla,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Hc</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>coercivity of remanence/coercivity,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Hcr/Hc</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>saturation isothermal remanent magnetization/initial magnetization slope,sediment,null,kiloampere per meter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Mrs/IS</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>geochemistry</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>26655 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>152 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>6.5</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>6.5</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-1.4167</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-1.4167</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>99</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>99</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Africa</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Western Africa</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Ghana</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Lake Bosumtwi&gt;LATITUDE 6.5&gt;LONGITUDE -1.4167</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Peck, J.A., R.R. Green, T. Shanahan, J.W. King, J.T. Overpeck, C.A. Scholz. 2004. A magnetic mineral record of Late Quaternary tropical climate variability from Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology Vol. 215, pp. 37- 57</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>We report magnetic hysteresis results from sediment cores obtained from  Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana. As a hydrologically closed basin, the water budget  of Lake Bosumtwi is extremely sensitive to changes in the precipitation/ evapotranspiration balance. Lake Bosumtwi lies in the path of the seasonal  migration of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ); hence, the lake  is ideally situated to study monsoon variability in West Africa. Five  distinctive magnetic mineral zones (A-E) were identified in the 11-m-long  sediment cores that span the last 26,000 calendar years. Prior to 12  calendar (cal) ka, low concentrations of multidomain, high-coercivity  magnetic minerals are present. Three prominent shifts towards very high concentrations of high-coercivity iron sulfide (greigite) magnetic minerals  are centered at 12,470, 17,290, and 22,600 calendar years during the last  glacial period (magnetic zones D1-3). Between 12 and 3.2 cal ka, there is  an abrupt shift to moderately high concentrations of mixed multidomain  and single-domain, low-coercivity minerals and an organic-rich sapropel  lithology. Since 3.2 cal ka, the magnetic mineral parameters reveal a shift  to increased amounts of high-coercivity magnetic minerals. 
          STUDY NOTES: Physical property logging of whole core volumetric magnetic susceptibility and gammaray attenuation (an estimation of wet bulk density) was conducted on the piston cores using an automated Geotek multisensor core logger.</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/africa/bosumtwi2004.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/africa/bosumtwi2004.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
