<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-lake-5481</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>New England Lakes Terrigenous Inwash and Holocene Paleostorm Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Noren, A.; Bierman, P.R.; Steig, E.J.; Lini, A.; Southon, J.R.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>New England Lakes Terrigenous Inwash and Holocene Paleostorm Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2002-11-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/5481</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Noren</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>P.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Bierman</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>E.J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Steig</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Lini</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Southon</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>event layer,null,null,count per year,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,frequency of storm events</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>volume magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,dimensionless (SI system),null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>organic matter,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,loss on ignition,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>event layer,null,null,count,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,number of storm events</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>reconstruction</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>physical properties</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>12644 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>1 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>43.05</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>44.75</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-74.1167</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-72.0667</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>173</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>510</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Amherst Lake&gt;LATITUDE 43.4833&gt;LONGITUDE -72.7</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Dunmore Lake&gt;LATITUDE 43.9&gt;LONGITUDE -73.0667</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Morey Lake&gt;LATITUDE 43.9167&gt;LONGITUDE -72.15</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Duck Pond&gt;LATITUDE 44.7083&gt;LONGITUDE -72.0667</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>New York</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Chapel Pond&gt;LATITUDE 44.1333&gt;LONGITUDE -73.75</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Ritterbush Pond&gt;LATITUDE 44.75&gt;LONGITUDE -72.6</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Emerald Lake&gt;LATITUDE 43.275&gt;LONGITUDE -73</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Echo Lake&gt;LATITUDE 43.4667&gt;LONGITUDE -72.7</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>New York</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Thirteenth Lake&gt;LATITUDE 43.7&gt;LONGITUDE -74.1167</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Elligo Lake&gt;LATITUDE 44.6&gt;LONGITUDE -72.35</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Richmond Pond&gt;LATITUDE 44.4167&gt;LONGITUDE -72.95</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Beebe Pond&gt;LATITUDE 43.05&gt;LONGITUDE -73.0333</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Vermont</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Vail Pond&gt;LATITUDE 44.7&gt;LONGITUDE -72.0667</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Noren, A., P.R. Bierman, E.J. Steig, A. Lini, J.R. Southon. 2002. Millennial-scale Storminess Variability in the Northeastern United States during the Holocene Epoch. Nature Vol. 419, pp. 821 - 824</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>For the purpose of detecting the effects of human activities on climate  change, it is important to document natural change in past climate.  In this context, it has proved particularly difficult to study the  variability in the occurrence of extreme climate events, such as storms  with exceptional rainfall. Previous investigations have established storm  chronologies using sediment cores from single lakes, but such studies  can be susceptible to local environmental bias. Here we date terrigenous  inwash layers in cores from 13 lakes, which show that the frequency of  storm-related floods in the northeastern United States has varied in  regular cycles during the past 13,000 years (13 kyr), with a  characteristic period of about 3 kyr. Our data show four peaks in  storminess during the past 14 kyr, approximately 2.6, 5.8, 9.1 and  11.9 kyr ago. This pattern is consistent with long-term changes in the  average sign of the Arctic Oscillation, suggesting that modulation of  this dominant atmospheric mode may account for a significant fraction  of Holocene climate variability in North America and Europe. 
          STUDY NOTES: 
Included are loss-on-ignition (LOI), magnetic susceptibility (MS), Core layer boundaries (boundaries separating alternating sections of gyttja and layers of terrigenous material, as identified in the X-radiographs, the visual log, and composite sediment record of each core), and storm histogram data (dates of terrigenous layer deposition in each core, and data for histogram of all storm dates)</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/newengland/noren2002/noren2002.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
