<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-lake-9896</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>200KYr Midge Temperature, Diatom pH, and C/N Data </Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Axford, Y.; Briner, J.P.; Cooke, C.A; Francis, D.R.; Michelutti, N.; Miller, G.H.; Smol, J.P.; Thomas, E.K.; Wilson, C.R.; Wolfe, A.P.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>200KYr Midge Temperature, Diatom pH, and C/N Data </Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2010-11-17</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9896</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Y.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Axford</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.P.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Briner</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>C.A</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Cooke</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>D.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Francis</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>N.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Michelutti</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>G.H.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Miller</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.P.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Smol</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>E.K.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Thomas</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>C.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Wilson</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.P.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Wolfe</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified diatom,null,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Eunotia exigua</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>carbon,sediment,null,weight percent,null,paleolimnology,null,elemental analysis,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>surface air temperature,midge assemblage,null,degree Celsius,Jul,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,regression analysis,N,calibration data set: Eastern Canada Francis et al. 2006 and Eastern Canada Walker et al. 1997; weighted-averaging regression</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>lake surface temperature,midge assemblage,null,degree Celsius,summer,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,regression analysis,N,calibration data set: Eastern Canada Francis et al. 2006 and Eastern Canada Walker et al. 1997; weighted averaging regression with tolerance downweighting</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>chlorophyll,null,null,milligram per gram,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,chlorophyll a</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>mass,dry sediment,null,gram per square centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,optima &lt; 10 degrees Celsius</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,optima 10-15 deg C</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified diatom,null,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Aulacoseira sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>pH,diatom assemblage|lake water,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|paleolimnology,null,regression analysis,N,calibration data set: Baffin Island Joynt and Wolfe 2001; weighted-averaging regression</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sample identification,null,null,null,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,C,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>carbon/nitrogen,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,elemental analysis,N,bulk sediment C/N</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>insect|paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified midge,null,null,percent,null,insect|paleolimnology,null,null,N,optima &gt;15 deg C</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>identified diatom,null,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,Fragilaria sp.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>reconstruction</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>population abundance</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>geochemistry</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Air Temperature Reconstruction</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Arctic</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>200000 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>907 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>70.55</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>70.55</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-68.95</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-68.95</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>195</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>195</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Canada</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Nunavut</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Lake CF8&gt;LATITUDE 70.55&gt;LONGITUDE -68.95</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Axford, Y., J.P. Briner, C.A. Cooke, D.R. Francis, N. Michelutti, 
G.H. Miller, J.P. Smol, E.K. Thomas, C.R. Wilson, and A.P. Wolfe. 2009. 
Recent changes in a remote Arctic lake are unique within 
the past 200,000 years. 
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 
Vol. 106, pp. 18443-18446. 

</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>The Arctic is currently undergoing dramatic environmental 
transformations, but it remains largely unknown how these changes
compare with long-term natural variability. Here we present a lake 
sediment sequence from the Canadian Arctic that records warm
periods of the past 200,000 years, including the 20th century. 
This record provides a perspective on recent changes in the Arctic 
and predates by approximately 80,000 years the oldest 
stratigraphically intact ice core recovered from the Greenland 
Ice Sheet. The early Holocene and the warmest part of the Last 
Interglacial (Marine Isotope Stage or MIS 5e) were the only periods 
of the past 200,000 years with summer temperatures comparable to 
or exceeding today&apos;s at this site. Paleoecological and geochemical 
data indicate that the past three interglacial periods were 
characterized by similar trajectories in temperature, lake biology, 
and lakewater pH, all of which tracked orbitally-driven solar 
insolation. In recent decades, however, the study site has deviated 
from this recurring natural pattern and has entered an environmental 
regime that is unique within the past 200 millennia.
 
          STUDY NOTES: Multiproxy sediment data from Lake CF8, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada 
for the last 200,000 years. Included are fossil midge data and inferred 
water and air temperatures, diatom data and diatom-inferred pH, 
Gyttja dry mass, Chlorophyll-a, C/N ratio, and Carbon content data.   
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/canada/baffin/cf8-2009.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/canada/baffin/cf8-2009.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
