<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-lake-9899</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Little Swift Lake, Alaska 12KYr Multiproxy Sediment Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Axford, Y.; Kaufman, D.S.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Little Swift Lake, Alaska 12KYr Multiproxy Sediment Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2010-10-03</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9899</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Y.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Axford</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>D.S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kaufman</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>silicon dioxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>volume magnetic susceptibility,sediment,null,dimensionless (CGS system),null,paleolimnology,null,magnetic susceptibility measurement with ring or loop sensor,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sodium oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>calcium oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>manganese oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>phosphorus pentoxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>titanium dioxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>density,sediment,null,gram per cubic centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>aluminum oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>magnesium oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>iron(III) oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>potassium oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grain size class,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleolimnology,null,laser particle size analysis,N,clay/silt</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>organic matter,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,loss on ignition,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>magnetic susceptibility</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>population abundance</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>physical properties</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>geochemistry</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>12236 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>0 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>60.2144</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>60.2144</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-159.7658</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-159.7658</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>572</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>572</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>North America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>United States Of America</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Alaska</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Little Swift Lake&gt;LATITUDE 60.2144&gt;LONGITUDE -159.7658</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Axford, Y. and D.S. Kaufman. 2004. 
Late Glacial and Holocene Glacier and Vegetation Fluctuations 
at Little Swift Lake, Southwestern Alaska, U.S.A. 
Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 139-146. 
</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Multiproxy data from Little Swift Lake, an alpine lake in southwestern 
Alaska, provide evidence for pronounced late glacial and Holocene 
environmental change. An alpine glacier upvalley of Little Swift Lake 
retreated following the Younger Dryas chronozone, as evidenced by 
sedimentological changes in the lake record. Glacier retreat was 
accompanied by local and regional vegetation changes, including the 
expansion of Betula and contraction of Cyperaceae, in response to 
climatic amelioration. Warm, moist conditions between ~9800 and 8000 
cal yr B.P. supported abundant Betula shrubs and high lake and 
watershed productivity. Alnus rapidly expanded near Little Swift Lake 
while the region cooled between 8000 and 7500 cal yr B.P. 
Environmental changes at Little Swift Lake appear to have been roughly 
synchronous with similar changes elsewhere in southwestern Alaska, 
but late glacial and Holocene changes in other parts of Alaska were 
different in nature and timing. The complex spatial and temporal 
patterns of late glacial and Holocene environmental change throughout 
Alaska point to the importance of local and regional-scale factors, 
especially controls on moisture availability, as modulators of 
site-specific responses to hemispheric- and global-scale climate forcing. 
 
          STUDY NOTES: Multiproxy sediment data covering the last 12,000 years from 
Little Swift Lake, southwest Alaska.  Data include major-element 
geochemistry, grain size measurements, loss on ignition, 
magnetic susceptibility, and pollen counts.  Core LS-A, 
a 575-cm-long sediment core, was recovered from Little Swift Lake 
in 14.7 m of water in summer 1998. 

The lake is 24 m deep and has 0.7 km2 surface area. 

</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/little-swift2004.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/alaska/little-swift2004.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2019-03-27</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2019-03-27</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
