<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-lake-9950</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Lake Titicaca 20-60KYrBP Biogenic Silica and Grain Size Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Fritz, S.C.; Baker, P.A.; Ekdahl, E.; Seltzer, G.O.; Stevens, L.R.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Lake Titicaca 20-60KYrBP Biogenic Silica and Grain Size Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2010-08-25</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9950</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>S.C.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Fritz</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>P.A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Baker</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>E.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Ekdahl</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>G.O.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Seltzer</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>L.R.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Stevens</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth at sample end,null,null,meter,null,paleolimnology,composited,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>total saline diatoms,null,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,saline planktic</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>total benthic diatoms,null,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth at sample start,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth at sample start,null,null,meter,null,paleolimnology,composited,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>total freshwater diatoms,null,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,freshwater planktic</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grain size mean,sediment,null,micrometer,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth at sample end,null,null,meter,null,paleolimnology,corrected,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth at sample end,null,null,centimeter,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>biogenic silica,sediment,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth at sample start,null,null,meter,null,paleolimnology,corrected,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,organic matter,null,per mil PDB,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>total planktic diatoms,null,null,percent,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleolimnology,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>carbon isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>population abundance</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>physical properties</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleolimnology</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>geochemistry</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Glacial</Keyword>
  <Keyword>PAGES 2k Network</Keyword>
  <Keyword>PAGES LOTRED SA2k</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Tropics</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>59891 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>10034 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-15.93</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>-15.93</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-69.25</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-69.25</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>3810</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>3810</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>South America</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Peru</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>Lake Titicaca Core LT01-2B&gt;LATITUDE -15.93&gt;LONGITUDE -69.25</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Fritz, S.C., P.A. Baker, E. Ekdahl, G.O. Seltzer, 
and L.R. Stevens. 2010.  
Millennial-scale climate variability during the last glacial 
period in the tropical Andes.  
Quaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 29, pp. 1017-1024. 
doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.01.001 

</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Millennial-scale climate variation during the Last Glacial period 
is evident in many locations worldwide, but it is unclear if such 
variation occurred in the interior of tropical South America, 
and, if so, how the low-latitude variation was related to its 
high-latitude counterpart. A high-resolution record, derived 
from the deep drilling of sediments on the floor of Lake Titicaca 
in the southern tropical Andes, is presented that shows clear 
evidence of millennial-scale climate variation between ~60 
and 20 ka BP.  This variation is manifested by alternations 
of two interbedded sedimentary units. The two units have 
distinctive sedimentary, geochemical, and paleobiotic properties 
that are controlled by the relative abundance of terrigenous 
or nearshore components versus pelagic components. The sediments 
of more terrigenous or nearshore nature likely were deposited 
during regionally wetter climates when river transport of water 
and sediment was higher, whereas the sediments of more pelagic 
character were deposited during somewhat drier climates regionally. 
The majority of the wet periods inferred from the Lake Titicaca 
sediment record are correlated with the cold events in the 
Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic sediment cores, indicating 
that increased intensity of the South American summer monsoon 
was part of near-global scale climate excursions. 
 
          STUDY NOTES: Biogenic silica, grain size, and diatom data from 136m long sediment core 
LT01-2B, Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru, drilled in April and May 2001, 
covering ~60 - 20 KYrBP.  d13C data is from P.A. Baker, diatom and BiSiO2 
data is from S.C. Fritz, and grain size data from G.O. Seltzer.  

Additional information on the LT01-2B drill cores, age model 
development, and additional core data are included with 
Fritz et al. 2007 Lake Titicaca data set: 
ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2007.txt
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2010.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/southamerica/bolivia/titicaca2010.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
