noaa-lakelevel-23078 Bufflehead Pond, Minnesota Lake Level Data over the last 1500 years Shuman, B.N.; Henderson, A.K.; Plank, C.; Stefanova, I.; Ziegler, S.S. Bufflehead Pond, Minnesota Lake Level Data over the last 1500 years 2017-11-15 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23078 Investigator B.N. Shuman Investigator A.K. Henderson Investigator C. Plank Investigator I. Stefanova Investigator S.S. Ziegler earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|lake levels|paleolimnology age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,climate reconstructions|lake levels|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|lake levels|paleolimnology lake level,null,null,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|lake levels|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Elevation below modern; Multi-core sediment stratigraphy constrains lake elevation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|lake levels|paleolimnology lake level,null,range lower bound,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|lake levels|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Elevation below modern; Multi-core sediment stratigraphy constrains lake elevation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|lake levels|paleolimnology lake level,null,range upper bound,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|lake levels|paleolimnology,null,null,N,Elevation below modern; Multi-core sediment stratigraphy constrains lake elevation earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|lake levels|paleolimnology age,null,null,year Common Era,null,climate reconstructions|lake levels|paleolimnology,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate lake levels geoscientificInformation Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction 1400 cal yr BP 50 cal yr BP Complete 44.987 44.987 -93.536 -93.536 515 515 Continent North America United States Of America Minnesota Bufflehead Pond, Minnesota>LATITUDE 44.987>LONGITUDE -93.536 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Shuman, B., A.K. Henderson, C. Plank, I. Stefanova, and S.S. Ziegler 2009 Ecology 90 10 2792-2807 10.1890/08-0985.1

Interactions among multiple causes of ecological perturbation, such as climate change and disturbance, can produce “ecological surprises.” Here, we examine whether climate–fire–vegetation interactions can produce ecological changes that differ in direction from those expected from the effects of climate change alone. To do so, we focus on the “Big Woods” of central Minnesota, USA, which was shaped both by climate and fire. The deciduous Big Woods forest replaced regional woodlands and savannas after the severity of regional fire regimes declined at ca. AD 1300. A trend toward wet conditions has long been assumed to explain the forest expansion, but we show that water levels at two lakes within the region (Wolsfeld Lake and Bufflehead Pond) were low when open woodlands were transformed into the Big Woods. Water levels were high instead at ca. 2240–795 BC when regional fire regimes were most severe. Based on the correlation between water levels and fire-regime severity, we infer that prolonged or repeated droughts after ca. AD 1265 reduced the biomass and connectivity of fine fuels (grasses) within the woodlands. As a result, regional fire severity declined and allowed tree populations to expand. Tree-ring data from the region show a peak in the recruitment of key Big Woods tree species during the AD 1930s drought and suggest that low regional moisture balance need not have been a limiting factor for forest expansion. The regional history, thus, demonstrates the types of counterintuitive ecosystem changes that may arise as climate changes in the future. STUDY NOTES: Lake level units are in "cm below modern level", so positive values indicate a drop in lake level. Contributed as part of the PAGES2k North American Hydroclimate synthesis project.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/NAm2kHydro-2017/noaa-templates/data-version-1.0.0/Bufflehead.Shuman.2009.txt NOAA Template File; Bufflehead Pond, MN Lake Level Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pages2k/NAm2kHydro-2017/data-version-1.0.0/Bufflehead.Shuman.2009.lpd Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) File Format; Bufflehead Pond, MN Lake Level Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11