<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-loess-12970</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Lingtai Loess 7Ma Magnetic Susceptibility, Grain Size, and Carbonate Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Sun, Y.; An, Z.; Clemens, S.C.; Bloemendal, J.; Vandenberghe, J.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Lingtai Loess 7Ma Magnetic Susceptibility, Grain Size, and Carbonate Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2012-05-30</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12970</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Y.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Sun</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Z.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>An</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>S.C.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Clemens</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Bloemendal</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Vandenberghe</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grain size mean,loess,null,micrometer,null,loess,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>grain size mean,loess,null,dimensionless,null,loess,normalized,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>proxy composite,loess,null,null,null,loess,composited,null,N,normalized and averaged magnetic susceptibility and carbonate data</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,null,null,loess,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>calcium carbonate,loess,null,weight percent,null,loess,smoothed,null,N,3 points smoothing</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,meter,null,loess,corrected,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>magnetic susceptibility,loess,null,unspecified unit,null,loess,smoothed,null,N,3 points smoothing</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>calcium carbonate,loess,null,dimensionless,null,loess,normalized|smoothed,null,N,3 points smoothing</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>magnetic susceptibility,loess,null,unspecified unit,null,loess,normalized|smoothed,null,N,3 points smoothing</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Monsoon</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>6935000 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>0 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>35.0667</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>35.0667</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>107.65</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>107.65</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>1350</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>1350</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Eastern Asia</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>China</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Lingtai&gt;LATITUDE 35.0667&gt;LONGITUDE 107.65</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Sun, Y.B., Z.S. An, S.C. Clemens, J. Bloemendal, 
and J. Vandenberghe. 2010. 
Seven million years of wind and precipitation variability 
on the Chinese Loess Plateau. 
Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 297, pp.525-535. 
doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.004 </Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Recent studies of the eolian deposits in northern China have extended 
the East Asian monsoon history back to the early Miocene. However, 
the relative intensities of monsoonal winds and precipitation and 
the extent of their coupling prior to the Pleistocene epoch remain 
poorly constrained, mainly due to uncertainties in the interpretation 
of proxy indices generated from the Mio-Pliocene Red Clay sequences. 
Here we reconstruct East Asian monsoon oscillations over the past 
7 Ma using magnetic susceptibility and carbonate content as summer 
monsoon (precipitation) proxies, and quartz grain size as a winter 
monsoon (wind intensity) index.  Our results suggest that 
precipitation and wind intensity exhibited significant orbital-scale 
variations prior to 4.2 Ma, followed by slightly damped variability 
between 4.2 and 2.75 Ma. Subsequently, East Asian monsoon circulation 
experienced two large shifts at about 2.75 and 1.25 Ma, characterized 
by stepwise strengthening of glacial wind and interglacial 
precipitation. A remarkable change in East Asian monsoon seasonality 
occurred around 3.15-2.75 Ma. Prior to 3.15 Ma, strong winds were 
positively correlated with high effective precipitation, whereas 
after 2.75 Ma strong winds were negatively correlated with heavy 
precipitation. This shift was probably induced by a change from 
an insolation-forced system to one strongly influenced by the 
combined effects of the phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan 
Plateau and the simultaneous development of the Northern Hemisphere 
ice sheets.

 
          STUDY NOTES: Magnetic susceptibility, grain size, and carbonate data for the past 
7 million years from the loess-paleosol and Red Clay sequence located 
at Lingtai on the southern Chinese Loess Plateau. The Quaternary 
loess-palaeosol sequence (168 m) is underlain by the 120-m-thick 
late Neogene Red Clay formation. 

Samples were taken at 8 cm intervals for the loess-palaeosol sequences 
and 4 cm intervals for the Red Clay formation. A total of 5100 samples 
were collected for proxy analyses. 

Magnetic susceptibility was measured using a Bartington MS2 meter 
at the Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 
Carbonate content was determined by a volumetric method, with an error 
of less than 3%. Particle-size distributions of bulk and quartz samples 
were determined using a Malvern Mastersize S laser-diffraction analyzer 
at the Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences. 

Lingtai, Chinese Loess Plateau: 35°04&apos;N, 107°39&apos;E, 1350 m elev. 
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/loess/china/sun2010lingtai.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/loess/china/sun2010lingtai.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
