<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-loess-9702</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Ili Basin, China 80KYr Loess Magnetic Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Song, Y.G.; Shi, Z.T.; Fang, X.M.; Nie, J.S.; Ishikawa, N.; Qiang, X.K.; Wang, X.L.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Ili Basin, China 80KYr Loess Magnetic Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2010-10-27</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9702</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Y.G.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Song</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Z.T.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Shi</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>X.M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Fang</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Nie</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>N.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Ishikawa</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>X.K.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Qiang</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>X.L.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Wang</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>mass magnetic susceptibility,loess,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,loess,null,null,N,Chaona; High frequency mass magnetic susceptibility; units 10E-7 m3 kg-2</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>mass magnetic susceptibility,loess,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,loess,null,null,N,Chaona; Absolute frequency mass magnetic susceptibility; units 10E-7 m3 kg-3</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,loess,null,null,N,Chaona</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>mass magnetic susceptibility,loess,null,percent,null,loess,null,null,N,Zhaosu; percent frequency dependent mass magnetic susceptibility</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>mass magnetic susceptibility,loess,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,loess,null,null,N,Zhaosu; Absolute frequency mass magnetic susceptibility; units 10E-7 m3 kg-3</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,meter,null,loess,null,null,N,Chaona</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>mass magnetic susceptibility,loess,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,loess,null,null,N,Zhaosu; High frequency mass magnetic susceptibility; units 10E-7 m3 kg-2</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>anhysteretic remanent magnetization,loess,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,loess,null,null,N,Chaona; normalized ARM with units 10^-6</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>mass magnetic susceptibility,loess,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,loess,null,null,N,Chaona; Low frequency mass magnetic susceptibility; units 10E-7 m3 kg-1</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,loess,null,null,N,Zhaosu</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>anhysteretic remanent magnetization,loess,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,loess,null,null,N,Zhaosu; normalized ARM with units 10^-6</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,meter,null,loess,null,null,N,Zhaosu</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>mass magnetic susceptibility,loess,null,cubic meter per kilogram,null,loess,null,null,N,Zhaosu; Low frequency mass magnetic susceptibility; units 10E-7 m3 kg-1</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>mass magnetic susceptibility,loess,null,percent,null,loess,null,null,N,Chaona; percent frequency dependent mass magnetic susceptibility</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>loess</Term>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Monsoon</Keyword>
  <Keyword>millennial resolution</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>141250 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>0 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>35.1</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>35.1</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>107.2</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>107.2</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>1452</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>1452</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Eastern Asia</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>China</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>Chaona section&gt;LATITUDE 35.1&gt;LONGITUDE 107.2</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Song, Y.G., Z.T. Shi, X.M. Fang, J.S. Nie, N. Ishikawa, 
X.K. Qiang, and X.L. Wang.  2010. 
Loess magnetic properties in the Ili Basin and their 
correlation with the Chinese Loess Plateau. 
China Science: Earth Sciences, Vol. 53(3), pp. 419-431. 
DOI: 10.1007/s11430-010-0011-5 
</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Over the past two decades, magnetoclimatological studies of 
loess-paleosol sequences in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) 
have made outstanding achievements, which greatly promote 
the understanding of East Asian paleomonsoon evolution, 
inland aridification of Asia, and past global climate changes. 
Loess magnetic properties of the CLP have been well studied. 
In contrast, loess magnetic properties from outside the CLP 
in China have not been fully understood. We have little 
knowledge about the magnetic properties of loess in the 
Ili Basin, an intermontane depression of the Tianshan 
(or Tien Shan) Mountains. Here, we present the results 
of rock magnetic measurements of the Ili loess including 
mass magnetic susceptibility (?) and anhysteretic remanent 
magnetization (ARM), high/low temperature dependence of 
susceptibility (TDS) and hysteresis, as well as X-ray 
diffraction (XRD) for mineral analysis. Based on the 
comparison with loess-paleosol sequences in the CLP 
(hereafter referred to as the Chinese loess), we discuss 
the possible magnetic susceptibility enhancement mechanism 
of the Ili loess. The results show that 1) the total magnetic 
mineral concentration of the Ili loess is far lower than that 
of the Chinese loess, though they have similar magnetic mineral 
compositions. The ferrimagnetic minerals in the Ili loess are 
magnetite and maghemite, and the antiferromagnetic mineral 
is hematite; XRD analysis also identifies the presence of 
ilmenite. The ratio of maghemite is lower in the Ili loess 
than in the Chinese loess, but the ratios of magnetite and 
hematite are higher in the Ili loess than in the Chinese loess. 
2) The granularity of magnetic minerals in the Ili loess, 
dominated by pseudo-single domain (PSD) and multi-domain (MD) 
grains, is generally much coarser than that of the Chinese loess. 
Ultrafine pedogenically-produced magnetic grains have a very 
limited contribution to the susceptibility enhancement. 
Rather, PSD and MD particles of magnetite and maghemite are 
the main contributors to the enhancement of susceptibility 
in the Ili loess. 3) The susceptibility enhancement mechanism 
for the Ili loess is complicated and superimposes both a wind 
velocity/vigor model (Alaskan or Siberian model) and the in situ 
ultrafine grain pedogenic model; the former might play an 
important role in the Ili loess. 4) Magnetic susceptibility 
enhancements of the Ili loess are related not only to the 
eolian input of the source area, but also to the local climate, 
landform, and geological background. Therefore, great care 
should be taken when reconstructing paleoclimate using magnetic 
susceptibility data from the Ili loess. 

 
          STUDY NOTES: Magnetic susceptibility data of two loess-paleosol sequences 
since the last interglaciation, from Central Asia and the 
Chinese Loess Plateau. One section from Zhaosu, Ili Basin,  
is located in western Zhaosu county near the boundary between 
China and Kazakhstan. The Zhaosu loess section (ZSP) is 6.9m 
thick from the top to the upper part the first paleosol (S1), 
and the bottom consists of  fluvial gravel sediments. 
According to IRSL (infrared stimulated  luminescence) dating 
of this section, the bottom is 80,000 years old. The other 
loess section is located at the central Chinese Loess Plateau, 
named Chaona section (CN). The Chaona section is about 10.4m 
in thickness with a 141ka tuning age.
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/loess/china/song2010ili.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/loess/china/song2010ili.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
