<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-model-9969</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Cosmogenic Radionuclides Atmospheric Transport Model Output</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Heikkilä, U.; Beer, J.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Cosmogenic Radionuclides Atmospheric Transport Model Output</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2010-07-08</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9969</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>U.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Heikkilä</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Beer</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>latitude,null,null,degree north,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>210Pb,null,null,count per square meter per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,Total deposition of Pb-210 (wet + dry + sed</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>210Pb,null,null,count per square meter per second,monthly,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,Total deposition of Pb-210 (wet + dry + sed</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>10Be,null,null,count per square meter per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,Total deposition of Be-10 (wet + dry + sed)</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>7Be,null,null,count per square meter per second,monthly,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,Total deposition of Be-7 (wet + dry + sed)</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>surface pressure,null,null,pascal,monthly,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>precipitation,null,null,millimeter per day,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>10Be,null,null,count per square meter per second,monthly,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,Total deposition of Be-10 (wet + dry + sed)</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>36Cl,null,null,count per square meter per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,Total deposition of Cl-36 (wet + dry + sed)</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>36Cl,null,null,count per square meter per second,monthly,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,Total deposition of Cl-36 (wet + dry + sed)</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>longitude,null,null,degree east,null,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>7Be,null,null,count per square meter per second,annual,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,Total deposition of Be-7 (wet + dry + sed)</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>precipitation,null,null,millimeter per day,monthly,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoclimatic modeling</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>36Cl,null,null,count per kilogram,monthly,paleoclimatic modeling,null,null,N,Chlorine-36; particulate</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>model</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>atmosphere model</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>1705 AD</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>2003 AD</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>245 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>-53 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-90</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>90</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Geographic Region</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Global</Location_Type>
    <Detailed_Location>Global&gt;LATITUDE &gt;LONGITUDE </Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Heikkilä, U., J. Beer, and J. Feichter. 2008. 
Modeling cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be and 7Be during the 
Maunder Minimum using the ECHAM5-HAM General Circulation Model. 
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 2797-2809. 
doi:10.5194/acp-8-2797-2008.</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>All existing 10Be records from Greenland and
Antarctica show increasing concentrations during the Maunder
Minimum period (MM), 1645-1715, when solar activity
was very low and the climate was colder (little ice age). In
detail, however, the 10Be records deviate from each other.
We investigate to what extent climatic changes influence
the 10Be measured in ice by modeling this period using the
ECHAM5-HAM general circulation model. Production calculations
show that during the MM the mean global 10Be
production was higher by 32% than at present due to lower
solar activity. Our modeling shows that the zonally averaged
modeled 10Be deposition flux deviates by only ~8% from the
average increase of 32%, indicating that climatic effects are
much smaller than the production change. Due to increased
stratospheric production, the 10Be content in the downward
fluxes is larger during MM, leading to larger 10Be deposition
fluxes in the subtropics, where stratosphere-troposphere exchange
(STE) is strongest. In polar regions the effect is small.
In Greenland the deposition change depends on latitude and
altitude. In Antarctica the change is larger in the east than in
the west. We use the 10Be/7Be ratio to study changes in STE.
We find larger change between 20N-40N during spring,
pointing to a stronger STE in the Northern Hemisphere during
MM. In the Southern Hemisphere the change is small.
These findings indicate that climate changes do influence the
10Be deposition fluxes, but not enough to significantly disturb
the production signal. Climate-induced changes remain
small, especially in polar regions. 
          STUDY NOTES: Model results for the atmospheric transport of cosmogenic radionuclides 
Be-10, Be-7, Cl-36 performed using the ECHAM5-HAM general circulation 
model, developed at the Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology 
(http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/). Please refer to Heikkilä, U., J. Beer, and J. Feichter. 2008. Modeling cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be and 7Be during the Maunder Minimum using the ECHAM5-HAM General Circulation Model. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 2797-2809. doi:10.5194/acp-8-2797-2008, for a detailed description of the data.


Data from the following experiments is available: 

1) The simulated bomb test peak of Chlorine-36 during the years 
   1952-1972. See  Heikkilä, U., Beer, J., Feichter, J., Alfimov, V., Synal, H.-A., Schotterer, U., Eichler, A., Schwikowski, M., and Thompson, L.: 36Cl bomb peak: comparison of modeled and measured data, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4145-4156, doi:10.5194/acp-9-4145-2009, 2009.

Available files: 
cl36_air_conc_1952-1972_monthly.nc 
- monthly mean Cl-36 atmospheric concentrations (atoms/kg) 
  at 39 model levels up to 0.01 hPa (ca. 80 km). 
  (Note: large file, 329MB) 
  (Note: data for March 1959 are not present in this file) 


cl36_flux_1952-1972_monthly.nc 
cl36_flux_1952-1972_annual.nc 
- monthly and annual mean Cl-36 atmospheric deposition fluxes (atoms/m2/s). 


2) Simulated atmospheric deposition fluxes of Beryllium-10, Beryllium-7 
   and Lead-210 for two different periods: 1986-1990 (present day conditions) 
   and 1705-1709 (Maunder Minimum of the Little Ice Age). 
   See Heikkilä et al. 2008. More information on the simulation of Lead-210 
   can be found in Heikkilä, Ulla. Modeling of the atmospheric transport of the cosmogenic radionuclides ¹⁰Be and ⁷Be using the ECHAM5-HAM general circulation model. ETH (2007), http://e-collection.library.ethz.ch/view/eth:30179. 

Available files: 
be10_be7_pb210_flux_1986-1990_monthly.nc 
be10_be7_pb210_flux_1986-1990_annual.nc 
be10_be7_pb210_flux_1705-1709_monthly.nc 
be10_be7_pb210_flux_1705-1709_annual.nc 
 
- monthly and annual mean atmospheric deposition fluxes (atoms/m2/s) 
  of Be-10, Be-7 and Pb-210 and the total precipitation rate (mm/day). 

3) Simulated atmospheric deposition fluxes of Beryllium-10 
   and Beryllium-7 for the period of 1998-2003. (Heikkilä, U., J. Beer, and J. Feichter. 2008. Modeling cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be and 7Be during the Maunder Minimum using the ECHAM5-HAM General Circulation Model. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 2797-2809. doi:10.5194/acp-8-2797-2008). 

Available files: 
be10_be7_flux_1998-2003_monthly.nc 
be10_be7_flux_1998-2003_annual.nc 

- monthly and annual mean atmospheric deposition fluxes (atoms/m2/s) 
  of Be-10 and Be-7 and the total precipitation rate (mm/day). 


Model output is in netCDF format (http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/)  



</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/gcmoutput/heikkila2010/</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
