<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-ocean-10416</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Deglacial Deep Ocean B/Ca Carbonate Ion Reconstructions</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Yu, J.; Broecker, W.S.; Elderfield, H.; Jin, Z.; McManus, J.F.; Zhang, F.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Deglacial Deep Ocean B/Ca Carbonate Ion Reconstructions</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2010-11-18</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/10416</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Yu</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>W.S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Broecker</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>H.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Elderfield</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Z.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Jin</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.F.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>McManus</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>F.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Zhang</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>carbonate ion,boron/calcium|sea water,null,millimole per kilogram,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,mid depth</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,benthic foraminifer,one standard deviation,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,benthic foraminifer,one standard deviation,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>boron/calcium,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,one standard deviation,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,benthic foraminifer,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>boron/calcium,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>calcium carbonate,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth at sample start,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth at sample end,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>boron/calcium,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>carbon isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Other Reconstruction</Keyword>
  <Keyword>carbon cycle</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>53000 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>2000 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>0</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>52.5</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-79</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>161</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>-4147</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>-2310</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Atlantic Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>North Atlantic Ocean</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>BOFS-8K&gt;LATITUDE 52.5&gt;LONGITUDE -22.1</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Pacific Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>South Pacific Ocean</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>MW91-9 GGC48&gt;LATITUDE 0&gt;LONGITUDE 161</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Indian Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Detailed_Location>WIND 28K&gt;LATITUDE 10.2&gt;LONGITUDE 51.8</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Atlantic Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>North Atlantic Ocean</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>VM28-122&gt;LATITUDE 12&gt;LONGITUDE -79</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Pacific Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Western Pacific Ocean</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>MW91-9 GGC15&gt;LATITUDE 0&gt;LONGITUDE 158</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Yu, J., W.S. Broecker, H. Elderfield, Z. Jin, J. McManus, 
and F. Zhang. 2010. 
Loss of Carbon from the Deep Sea Since the Last Glacial Maximum. 
Science, Vol. 330, pp. 1084-1087, 19 November 2010. 
DOI: 10.1126/science.1193221 
</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Deep-ocean carbonate ion concentrations ([CO3 2-]) and carbon 
isotopic ratios (d13C) place important constraints on past 
redistributions of carbon in the ocean-land-atmosphere system 
and hence provide clues to the causes of atmospheric CO2 
concentration changes. However, existing deep-sea [CO3 2-] 
reconstructions conflict with one another, complicating 
paleoceanographic interpretations. Here, we present deep-sea 
[CO3 2-] for five cores from the three major oceans quantified 
using benthic foraminiferal boron/calcium ratios since the last 
glacial period. Combined benthic d13C and [CO3 2-] results 
indicate that deep-sea-released CO2 during the early deglacial 
period (17.5 to 14.5 thousand years ago) was preferentially 
stored in the atmosphere, whereas during the late deglacial 
period (14 to 10 thousand years ago), besides contributing to 
the contemporary atmospheric CO2 rise, a substantial portion 
of CO2 released from oceans was absorbed by the terrestrial 
biosphere. 

 
          STUDY NOTES: Benthic foraminiferal boron/calcium ratios and stable isotope data 
for five cores from the three major oceans used to reconstruct 
deep-sea carbonate ion [CO3 2-] since the last glacial period. 
</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/yu2010/yu2010.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/yu2010/yu2010.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2019-07-03</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2019-07-03</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
