<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-ocean-13685</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Red Sea 150KYr Relative Sea Level Reconstruction</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Grant, K.M.; Rohling, E.J.; Bar-Matthews, M.; Ayalon, A.; Medina-Elizalde, M.; Bronk Ramsey, C.; Satow, C.; Roberts, A.P.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Red Sea 150KYr Relative Sea Level Reconstruction</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2013-01-28</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13685</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>K.M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Grant</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>E.J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Rohling</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Bar-Matthews</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Ayalon</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Medina-Elizalde</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>C.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Bronk Ramsey</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>C.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Satow</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>A.P.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Roberts</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,sea level maximum probability; meters below modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,two standard error upper bound,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,sea level maximum probability + 2SE; meters below modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,Globigerinoides ruber white,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,&gt;300mm</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,two standard deviations,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,from previous TIMS dating</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,null,meter per kiloyear,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Sea level rise maximum probability for RSL dRSL/dt</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,two standard error lower bound,meter per kiloyear,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Sea level rise maximum probability dRSL/dt for RSL-2SE</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,smoothed,null,N,1 kyr moving Gaussian filter; meters below modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,based on MC-ICP-MS datings</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,from MC-ICP-MS</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,corrected,null,N,Bayesian-modelled MC-ICP-MS ages</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,meters below modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma dextral,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,150-250 micron</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,95% confidence interval lower bound,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,95% confidence interval upper bound,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,meters below modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,two standard error upper bound,meter per kiloyear,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Sea level rise maximum probability dRSL/dt for RSL+2SE</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,two standard deviations,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,meters below modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,resampled,null,N,Bayesian-modelled MC-ICP-MS ages</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,prior to Bayesian modelling</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,from previous TIMS dating</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,two standard deviations,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,corrected,null,N,Bayesian-modelled MC-ICP-MS ages</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,calcium carbonate,null,per mil VPDB,null,speleothems,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,rescaled to its Bayesian-modelled chronology</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>speleothems</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,two standard deviations,calendar kiloyear before present,null,speleothems,null,null,N,from MC-ICP-MS</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,two standard error lower bound,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,sea level maximum probability - 2SE; meters below modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>oxygen isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>reconstruction</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Sea Level Reconstruction</Keyword>
  <Keyword>sea level</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>161027 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>0 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>12</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>35.6667</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>26.5833</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>42</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>-1522</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>400</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Indian Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Red Sea</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>Red Sea&gt;LATITUDE &gt;LONGITUDE </Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>Western Asia</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Middle East</Location_Subregion2>
    <Location_Subregion3>Israel</Location_Subregion3>
    <Detailed_Location>Soreq Cave&gt;LATITUDE 31.45&gt;LONGITUDE 35.03</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Atlantic Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>North Atlantic Ocean</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>Mediterranean Sea</Location_Subregion2>
    <Detailed_Location>MD81-LC21&gt;LATITUDE 35.6667&gt;LONGITUDE 26.5833</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>K.M. Grant, E.J. Rohling, M. Bar-Matthews, A. Ayalon, M. Medina-Elizalde, C. Bronk Ramsey, C. Satow and A.P. Roberts. 2012.  
Rapid coupling between ice volume and polar temperature over the past 150,000  years. 
Nature, Vol. 491, No. 7246, pp. 744-747.
DOI: 10.1038/nature11593</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Current global warming necessitates a detailed understanding of the relationships between climate and global ice volume. Highly resolved and continuous sea-level records are essential for quantifying ice-volume changes. However, an unbiased study of the timing of past ice-volume changes, relative to polar climate change, has so far been impossible because available sea-level records either were dated by using orbital tuning or ice-core timescales, or were discontinuous in time. Here we present an independent dating of a continuous, high-resolution sea-level record in millennial-scale detail throughout the past 150,000 years. We find that the timing of ice-volume fluctuations agrees well with that of variations in Antarctic climate and especially Greenland climate. Amplitudes of ice-volume fluctuations more closely match Antarctic (rather than Greenland) climate changes. Polar climate and ice-volume changes, and their rates of change, are found to covary within centennial response times. Finally, rates of sea-level rise reached at least 1.2 m per century during all major episodes of ice-volume reduction. 
          STUDY NOTES: All datapoints in the Red Sea sea-level record (RSL) on its new chronology, including fully-propagated chronological uncertainties
and RSL smoothed with a 1 kyr moving Gaussian filter</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/grant2012/grant2012rsl-prob.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/grant2012/nature11593-s2.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/grant2012/grant2012-ruber.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/grant2012/grant2012rsl.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/grant2012/grant2012-pachy.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/grant2012/grant2012soreq.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
