<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-ocean-13947</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change for last 100 Ma</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Miller, K.G.; Kominz, M.A.; Browning, J.V.; Wright, J.D.; Mountain, G.S.; Katz, M.E.; Sugarman, P.J.; Cramer, B.S. ; Christie-Blick, N.; Pekar, S.F.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change for last 100 Ma</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2013-03-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13947</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>K.G.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Miller</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Kominz</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.V.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Browning</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>J.D.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Wright</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>G.S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Mountain</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.E.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Katz</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>P.J.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Sugarman</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>B.S. </First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Cramer</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>N.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Christie-Blick</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>S.F.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Pekar</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,from delta 18O; meters above modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,null,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,&quot;backstripped w/ estimated lowstand; Backstripped sea level estimates including “guesstimated” lowstands after Kominz et al. (2008) using the Berggren et al. (1995) times scale (BKSA95).  Also provides an update to the 2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein et al., 2012); meters above modern sea level&quot;</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,million years ago,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Berggren et al. (1995) time scale</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,calendar year before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,from delta 18O</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,million years ago,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein et al.</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,from benthic foraminiferal delta 18O; meters above modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,null,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,backstripped w/ estimated lowstand; meters above modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,null,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,backstripped; meters above modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,null,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,&quot;backstripped; Backstripped sea level estimates including “guesstimated” lowstands after Kominz et al. (2008) using the Berggren et al. (1995) times scale (BKSA95).  Also provides an update to the 2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein et al., 2012); meters above modern sea level&quot;</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,million years ago,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,million years ago,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,2012 Geological Time Scale (Gradstein et al. 2012)</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>oxygen isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>reconstruction</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>sea level</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>244800000 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>0 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>39.948</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>39.948</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-74.883</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-74.883</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Atlantic Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>North Atlantic Ocean</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>ODP150X&gt;LATITUDE 39.948&gt;LONGITUDE -74.883</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Miller, K.G., Kominz, M.A., Browning, J.V., Wright, J.D., Mountain, G.S., Katz, M.E., Sugarman, P.J., Cramer, B.S., Christie-Blick, N., and Pekar, S.F. 2005. The Phanerozoic record of global sea-level change. Science, 310, 1293-1298. doi:10.1126/science.1116412.</Reference>
  <Reference>Miller, K.G., Mountain, G.S., Wright, J.D., and Browning, J.V. 2011. A 180-million-year record of sea level and ice volume variations from continental margin and deep-sea isotopic records. Oceanography, 24, 40-53. doi:10.5670/oceanog.2011.26.</Reference>
  <Reference>Kominz, M.A., Browning, J.V., Miller, K.G., Sugarman, P.J., Misintseva, S., and Scotese, C.R. 2008. Late Cretaceous to Miocene sea-level estimates from the New Jersey and Delaware coastal plain coreholes: an error analysis. Basin Research, v. 20, p. 211-226.</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>We review Phanerozoic sea-level changes (543 Ma to present) on various time scales and present a new sea-level record for the last 100 my. Long-term sea level peaked at 100±50 m during the Cretaceous, implying that ocean crust production rates were much lower than previously inferred. Sea level mirrors d18O variations, reflecting ice-volume change on the 10^4-10^6-year scales, but a link between d18O and sea level on the 10^7-year scale must be due to temperature changes that we attribute to tectonically controlled CO2 variations. Sea-level change has influenced phytoplankton evolution, ocean chemistry, and the loci of carbonate, organic carbon, and siliciclastic sediment burial. Over the past 100 my, sea-level changes reflect global climate evolution from a time of ephemeral Antarctic ice sheets (100-33 Ma), through a time of large ice sheets primarily in Antarctica (33-2.5 Ma), to a world with large Antarctic and large, variable Northern Hemisphere ice sheets (2.5-0 Ma). 
          STUDY NOTES: Sea level curves derived from ODP drilling and backstripping.</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller2005-backstrip.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller2005-haq87.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller-sealev-originalcontrib.xls</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller2005-kominz08.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller2005-benthic.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miller2005/miller2011.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2018-12-11</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2018-12-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
