noaa-ocean-16154 Atmospheric CO2 20 Million Year Foraminiferal B/Ca Reconstruction Tripati, A.K.; Roberts, C.D.; Eagle, R.A.; Li, G. Atmospheric CO2 20 Million Year Foraminiferal B/Ca Reconstruction 2014-03-09 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16154 Investigator A.K. Tripati Investigator C.D. Roberts Investigator R.A. Eagle Investigator G. 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million,null,climate forcing,null,null,N,B- model earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography pH,boron/calcium|sea water,range lower bound,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography pH,boron/calcium|sea water,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,T-1 model earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography pH,boron/calcium|sea water,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,S-1 model earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography pH,boron/calcium|sea water,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Ca Griffith 1 model earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography pH,boron/calcium|sea water,null,dimensionless,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Griffith T+S+B+ model earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleocean geochemistry earth science paleoclimate paleocean oxygen isotopes earth science paleoclimate paleocean reconstruction geoscientificInformation Other Reconstruction carbon cycle 20000000 cal yr BP 0 cal yr BP Complete -26 .32 159.35 161 -2520 -1548 Ocean Pacific Ocean Western Pacific Ocean DSDP 588>LATITUDE -26>LONGITUDE 161 Ocean Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean ODP 806B>LATITUDE .32>LONGITUDE 159.35 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Aradhna K. Tripati, Christopher D. Roberts, Robert A. Eagle, Gaojun Li 2011 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 10 2582-2610 10.1016/j.gca.2011.01.018 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016703711000263

We use new and published data representing a 20 million long record to discuss the systematics of interpreting planktic foraminiferal B/Ca ratios. B/Ca-based reconstructions of seawater carbonate chemistry and atmospheric pCO2 assume that the incorporation of boron into foraminiferal tests can be empirically described by an apparent partition coefficient, KD=(B/CaCaCO3)/(BOH4-/HCO3- seawater) (Hemming and Hanson, 1992). It has also been proposed that there is a species-specific relationship between KD and temperature (Yu et al., 2007). As we discuss, although these relationships may be robust, there remain significant uncertainties over the controls on boron incorporation into foraminifera. It is difficult to be certain that the empirically defined correlation between temperature and KD is not simply a result of covariance of temperature and other hydrographic variables in the ocean, including carbonate system parameters. There is also some evidence that KD may be affected by solution [HCO3-]/[CO32-] ratios (i.e., pH), or by [CO32-]. In addition, the theoretical basis for the definition of KD and for a temperature control on KD is of debate. We also discuss the sensitivity of pCO2 reconstructions to different KD-temperature calibrations and seawater B/Ca. If a KD-temperature calibration is estimated using ice core pCO2 values between 0 and 200 ka, B/Ca ratios can be used to reasonably approximate atmospheric pCO2 between 200 and 800 ka; however, the absolute values of pCO2 calculated are sensitive to the choice of KD-temperature relationship. For older time periods, the absolute values of pCO2 are also dependent on the evolution of seawater B concentrations. However, we find that over the last 20 Ma, reconstructed changes in declining pCO2 across the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, Pliocene glacial intensification, and the Middle Miocene Climate Transition are supported by the B/Ca record even if a constant coretop KD is used, or different KD-temperature calibrations and models of seawater B evolution are applied to the data. The inferred influence of temperature on KD from coretop data therefore cannot itself explain the structure of a published pCO2 reconstruction (Tripati et al., 2009). We conclude the raw B/Ca data supports a coupling between pCO2 and climate over the past 20 Ma. Finally, we explore possible implications of B/Ca-based pCO2 estimates for the interpretation of other marine pCO2 proxies. STUDY NOTES: Paleoatmospheric CO2 concentrations estimated from the boron/calcium ratio of planktonic foraminifera. Samples from Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 588 and Ocean Drilling Program Site 806 were used to reconstruct pCO2 values from the Miocene through Holocene (~20 to 0 Ma). Average, maximum, and minimum pCO2 estimates are calculated for each time.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tripati2011/tripati2011isotope.txt Data File; Stable Isotope Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tripati2011/tripati2011species.txt Data File; Comparison of Reconstruction for different species GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tripati2011/tripati2011co2.txt Data File; CO2 Reconstructions GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tripati2011/tripati2011ph.txt Data File; pH Reconstructions GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tripati2011/tripati2011.xlsx Excel Data File; All Data - B/Ca and Reconstructions GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tripati2011/tripati2011bca-mgca.txt Data File; B/Ca and Mg/Ca Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tripati2011/tripati2011replicate.txt Data File; Comparison of Reconstruction for Replicate Analyses USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-04-29 2019-04-29