noaa-ocean-16356 Peru Margin Surface Sediment Geochemistry Data Arthur, M.A.; Dean, W.E. Peru Margin Surface Sediment Geochemistry Data 2014-04-08 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16356 Investigator M.A. Arthur Investigator W.E. Dean earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography potassium oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography lanthanum,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography sodium,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography neodymium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography strontium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography yttrium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography calcium carbonate,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,carbon coulometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography cerium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography iron oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography magnesium oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography manganese oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography potassium,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography arsenic,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography thorium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography vanadium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography latitude,null,null,degree,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography sodium oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography calcium,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography phosphorus,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography titanium,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography lead,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography organic carbon,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,carbon coulometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,JSL Dive # earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography cobalt,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography copper,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography lithium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography molybdenum,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography iron,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography manganese,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography longitude,null,null,degree west,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,BC or SPC number earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography aluminum oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography niobium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography calcium oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography uranium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,core number earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography inorganic carbon,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,carbon coulometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography collection water depth,null,null,meter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography titanium oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography magnesium,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography manganese,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography cadmium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography zinc,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography gallium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography barium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography scandium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography carbon,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,carbon coulometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography longitude,null,null,degree,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography chromium,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography phosphorus oxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography aluminum,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography nickel,sediment,null,parts per million,null,paleoceanography,null,inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography latitude,null,null,degree south,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,JSL SPC # earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography silicon dioxide,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleocean geochemistry geoscientificInformation 100 cal yr BP 0 cal yr BP Complete -13.5225 -13.5192 -76.457 -76.3286 Ocean Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean JSL3345-1>LATITUDE -13.5192>LONGITUDE -76.3286 Ocean Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean BC-09>LATITUDE -13.5225>LONGITUDE -76.457 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Michael A. Arthur and Walter E. Dean 2013 U.S. Geological Survey Open File Report 2013-1105 http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1105 Michael A. Arthur, Walter E. Dean, Kirsten Laarkamp 1998 Chemical Geology 152 3-4 273-286 10.1016/S0009-2541(98)00120-X http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000925419800120X

Concentrations and characteristics of organic matter in surface sediments deposited under an intense oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) on the Peru margin were mapped and studied in samples from deck-deployed box cores and push cores acquired by submersible on two east-west transects spanning depths of 75 to 1,000 meters (m) at 12S and 13.5S. On the basis of sampling and analyses of the top 1-2 centimeters (cm) of available cores, three main belts of sediments were identified on each transect with increasing depth: (1) muds rich in organic carbon (OC); (2) authigenic phosphatic mineral crusts and pavements; and (3) glaucony facies. Sediments rich in OC on the 12S transect were mainly located on the outer shelf and upper slope (150-350 m), but they occurred in much shallower water (approximately 100 m) on the 13.5S transect. The organic matter is almost entirely marine as confirmed by Rock-Eval pyrolysis and isotopic composition of OC. Concentrations of OC are highest (up to 18 percent) in sediments within the OMZ where dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are <5 micromoles per kilogram (uM). Even at these low concentrations of DO, however, the surface sediments from within the OMZ are dominantly unlaminated. Concentrations of DO may have the dominant effect on organic matter characteristics, but reworking of fine-grained sediment and organic matter by strong bottom currents with velocities as high as 30 centimeters per second (cm/s) on the slope between 150 and 300 m and redeposition on the seafloor in areas of lower energy and higher DO concentration also exert important controls on OC concentration and degree of oxidation in this region. Phosphate-rich sediments and crusts occurred at depths of about 300 to 550 m on both transects. Nodular crusts of sediment cemented by carbonate-fluorapatite (CFA; phosphorite) or dolomite form within the OMZ. These phosphorite crusts evolve through cementation from light olive-green, stiff but friable, phosphatized claystone "protocrusts" through dense, dark phosphorite crusts, cemented breccias, and pavements. The degree of phosphatization and thickness of the crusts depend on the rates of sediment supply and on the strength and frequency of currents that re-expose crusts on the seafloor. Phosphorite crusts and pavements on the Peru margin can only become buried and incorporated into the geologic record once bottom currents slacken sufficiently to allow fine-grained sediment to accumulate. Glaucony-rich surface sediments, relatively undiluted by other components, were found mainly in deeper water on the 13.5S transect (750 m to at least 1,067 m). These sediments consist almost entirely of sand-size glaucony pellets. These widespread glaucony sands formed in place and were then concentrated and reworked by strong currents that winnowed away the fine-grained matrix. Although the glaucony occurs in sand-size pellets, the pellets are made up of aggregates of authigenic, platy, micaceous clay minerals. Glaucony is predominantly a potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg) aluminosilicate with an approximate formula of (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2. The glaucony on the 13.5S transect forms by alteration of one or more original "framework" minerals (carbonate and [or] aluminosilicates) to form pellital aggregates of Fe-, K-, and Mg-rich clay minerals. Because Fe, K, and Mg are derived from seawater, sedimentation rates must be extremely slow in order for the original framework minerals to remain in contact with seawater. The close association of glaucony and phosphorite indicates a delicate balance between the slightly oxidizing conditions at the base of the OMZ that form glaucony and the slightly reducing conditions that mobilize iron and phosphate to form phosphorite. STUDY NOTES: Organic matter data from surface sediments collected from an oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) on the Peru margin. Samples of sediment in 36 box cores, 26 gravity cores, and 18 multicores deployed from the R/V Seward Johnson, and box and push cores deployed during 31 submersible dives with DS/V Johnson Sea-Link II were collected for this investigation (Jahnke and others, 1993). The submersible dives resulted in high-resolution video coverage of bottom operations, sediment types, and organisms, and recovery of 108 push cores, 32 pore-water cores, 25 small box cores, a large number of bottom-sediment slurp samples into buckets, and numerous samples of crusts, nodules, and other materials using the mechanical arm of the submersible. For this study of surface-sediment characteristics, we collected samples at 0-1 cm and 1-2 cm intervals from most sub-deployed push cores, and at 0-2 cm intervals from selected deck-deployed box cores.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/arthur2013/arthur2013geochem12s.txt Data File; Sediment Elemental Geochemistry, 12S Transect GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/arthur2013/arthur2013carbon13s.txt Data File; Sediment Carbon Content, 13.5S Transect GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/arthur2013/arthur2013geochem13s.txt Data File; Sediment Elemental Geochemistry, 13.5S Transect GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/arthur2013/arthur2013carbon12s.txt Data File; Sediment Carbon Content, 12S Transect USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11