noaa-ocean-16491 North Atlantic Deglacial Isotope Data and Reconstructions of Salinity and SST Thornalley, D.J.R.; Elderfield, H.; McCave, I.N. North Atlantic Deglacial Isotope Data and Reconstructions of Salinity and SST 2014-05-21 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16491 Investigator D.J.R. Thornalley Investigator H. Elderfield Investigator I.N. McCave earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,C,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Magnesium Calcium ratio N. pachyderma left coiling earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography salinity,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,Globigerina bulloides with whole ocean change correction earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil VPDB,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,seawater using G. inflata ice-volume corrected earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral,null,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,left coiling earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,Melonis barleeanus,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,ice-volume corrected earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,Globigerina bulloides,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography ice rafted debris,dry sediment,null,count per gram,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,>250 microns; excluding volcanics earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography salinity,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Globigerina bulloides earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography salinity,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,Globorotalia inflata with whole ocean change correction earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,ka before 2000 earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 13C,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,ice-volume corrected earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography magnesium/calcium,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography magnesium/calcium,Globigerina bulloides,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil VPDB,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,seawater using N. pachyderma left coiling ice-volume corrected earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil VPDB,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,seawater using G. bulloides ice-volume corrected earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil VPDB,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,seawater using G. bulloides ice-volume corrected earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,null,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,anomalized,null,N,global delta 18O correction using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1 ‰ earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,Melonis barleeanus,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,vital effect of -0.24 applied earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,null,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,anomalized,null,N,using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1 ‰ earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 13C,Globorotalia inflata,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,ice-volume corrected earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography salinity,sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,anomalized,null,N,global salinity correction based on LeGrande and Schmidt (2006) and N. pachyderma mixing with a freshwater endmember earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography Neogloboquadrina pachyderma,null,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,150-250 microns earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 13C,Globorotalia inflata,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil VPDB,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,seawater using G. inflata ice-volume corrected earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography depth at sample start,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,ice-volume corrected earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography total foraminifers,null,null,count,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Magnesium Calcium ratio G. bulloides earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Magnesium Calcium ratio G. inflata earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 13C,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,Globorotalia inflata,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,Globigerina bulloides,null,per mil VPDB,null,paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,ice-volume corrected earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography salinity,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,Globorotalia inflata earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography depth at sample end,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography sand,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,(>63 micron) earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography magnesium/calcium,Globorotalia inflata,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleocean geochemistry earth science paleoclimate paleocean oxygen isotopes earth science paleoclimate paleocean carbon isotopes earth science paleoclimate paleocean reconstruction geoscientificInformation Heinrich Events Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction Younger Dryas 21726 cal yr BP -50 cal yr BP Complete 61.481667 62.9755 -19.536 -17.1344 -2303 -1237 Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean RAPiD-12-1K>LATITUDE 62.08>LONGITUDE -17.82 Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean RAPiD-15-4P>LATITUDE 62.2994>LONGITUDE -17.1344 Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean RAPiD-17-5P>LATITUDE 61.481667>LONGITUDE -19.536 Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean RAPiD-10-1P>LATITUDE 62.9755>LONGITUDE -17.5895 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

325 Broadway, E/NE31

Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave 2011 Global and Planetary Change 79 163-175 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.06.003 Thornalley, D.J.R., I.N. McCave, and H. Elderfield. 2010. Freshwater input and abrupt deglacial climate change in the North Atlantic. Paleoceanography, 25, PA1201, doi:10.1029/2009PA001772. Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave 2010 Paleoceanography 25 PA1211 10.1029/2009PA001833 Thornalley, D.J.R., H. Elderfield, and I.N. McCave 2009 Nature 457 5 711-714 10.1038/nature07717

Greenland ice core records indicate that the last deglaciation (~7-21 ka) was punctuated by numerous abrupt climate reversals involving temperature changes of up to 5°C-10°C within decades. However, the cause behind many of these events is uncertain. A likely candidate may have been the input of deglacial meltwater, from the Laurentide ice sheet (LIS), to the high-latitude North Atlantic, which disrupted ocean circulation and triggered cooling. Yet the direct evidence of meltwater input for many of these events has so far remained undetected. In this study, we use the geochemistry (paired Mg/Ca-d18O) of planktonic foraminifera from a sediment core south of Iceland to reconstruct the input of freshwater to the northern North Atlantic during abrupt deglacial climate change. Our record can be placed on the same timescale as ice cores and therefore provides a direct comparison between the timing of freshwater input and climate variability. Meltwater events coincide with the onset of numerous cold intervals, including the Older Dryas (14.0 ka), two events during the Allerød (at ~13.1 and 13.6 ka), the Younger Dryas (12.9 ka), and the 8.2 ka event, supporting a causal link between these abrupt climate changes and meltwater input. During the Bølling-Allerød warm interval, we find that periods of warming are associated with an increased meltwater flux to the northern North Atlantic, which in turn induces abrupt cooling, a cessation in meltwater input, and eventual climate recovery. This implies that feedback between climate and meltwater input produced a highly variable climate. A comparison to published data sets suggests that this feedback likely included fluctuations in the southern margin of the LIS causing rerouting of LIS meltwater between southern and eastern drainage outlets, as proposed by Clark et al. (2001). STUDY NOTES: Data collected by David J.R. Thornalley (Univ. of Cambridge); Principal Investigator: I. Nick McCave (Univ. of Cambridge); cruise CD-159, funded by UK RAPID program. Stable isotope values relative to VPDB standard, run in Godwin Laboratory, Univ. of Cambridge. Temperature calculated using Mg/Ca = B exp (0.1 × T). B = 0.794, 0.76 and 0.52 for G. bulloides, G. inflata and N. pachy. (s) respectively. RAPiD-10-1P: N. pachy. (s) and Cib. spp. isotope data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. RAPiD-12-1K: Please cite Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, Nature, 2009. For % sand and G. inflata d13C data, please cite Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. Vital effect of -0.24 applied to Melonis d18O data. Salinity calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997) to obtain d18Osw, including a 0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰; Converted to salinity using Schmidt and Legrande (2006) N. Atlantic d18Osw-S relationship; Also corrected for whole ocean d18O and salinity changes (1 per mil glacial-interglacial) scaled to Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve. Core-top age assignment: The core-top was not lost; assume 0cm=2004AD, but account for top 2 cm well mixed by bioturbation. RAPiD-15-4P: All data except N. pachy.(s) originally presented in Thornalley, McCave & Elderfield, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001772. N. pachy. (s) isotope data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. d18Osw calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997), including a -0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides. Note - no offset used for N. pachy.(s) contrary to manuscript, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰ "Ice-volume corrected" for whole ocean changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1‰. Salinity calculated based on North Atlantic relation of LeGrande and Schmidt (2006) and also for N. pachyderma for mixing with a freshwater endmember RAPiD-17-5P: C. wuell. And IRD data originally presented in Thornalley, Elderfield & McCave, 2010, Paleoceanography, DOI:10.1029/2009PA001833. d18Osw calculated using Kim and O'Neil (1997), including a 0.6‰ offset for G. bulloides, and VPDB to SMOW conversion of 0.27‰ "Ice-volume corrected" for whole ocean changes using Fairbanks (1989) sea-level curve, assuming a LGM to late Holocene shift of 1‰.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-12-1k-plank.txt Formatted Text File; RAPiD-12-1K Planktic GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-15-4p-benth.txt Formatted Text File; RAPiD-15-4P Benthic GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-17-5p-plank.txt Formatted Text File; RAPiD-17-5P Planktic GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-10-1p-plank.txt Formatted Text File; RAPiD-10-1P Planktic GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-RAPiD-foram.xls Originally Contributed Excel File; RAPiD Foraminifera Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-15-4p-plank.txt Formatted Text File; RAPiD-15-4P Planktic GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-12-1k-benth.txt Formatted Text File; RAPiD-12-1K Benthic GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-10-1p-benth.txt Formatted Text File; RAPiD-10-1P Benthic GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/thornalley2011/thornalley2011-17-5p-benth.txt Formatted Text File; RAPiD-17-5P Benthic USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11