noaa-ocean-19560 Bering Sea and Western Arctic Coretop Reflectance Database Nwaodua, E.C.; Ortiz, J.D. Bering Sea and Western Arctic Coretop Reflectance Database 2015-12-09 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19560 Investigator E.C. Nwaodua Investigator J.D. Ortiz earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,C,Cruise ID earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the eigenvalue for VPCA 5; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography blue-yellow contrast,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Minolta CM2600D with UV boost and specular component excluded earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,420 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,440 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,500 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,570 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 520 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 530 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the VPCA Loading for 5; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,principal component analysis,N,Variance (percent) explained by each eigenvalue earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography wavelength,null,null,nanometer,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,C,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,460 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the eigenvalue for VPCA 1; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,null,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,derivative spectrum of chlorite and muscovite used to identify VPCA Component 1 earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the eigenvalue for VPCA 4; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,null,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,derivative spectrum of chlorophyll a + illite used to identify VPCA Component 4 earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,470 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,480 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,700 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 450 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 480 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 650 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the VPCA Loading for 2; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,principal component analysis,N,Rotated egienvalues scaled to sums of squares of number of variables (unitless) earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,610 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 410 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 500 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 540 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 560 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 590 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 700 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography sample identification,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,C,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the eigenvalue for VPCA 3; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography longitude,null,null,degree east,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography red-green contrast,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Minolta CM2600D with UV boost and specular component excluded earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,410 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,510 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,680 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 460 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 470 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 610 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 670 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,670 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 660 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,null,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,derivative spectrum of calcite + dolomite used to identify VPCA Component 4 earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,400 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,450 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,490 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,550 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,560 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,630 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,640 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 420 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 440 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 510 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 620 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 640 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the VPCA Loading for 4; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the VPCA Loading for 6; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the eigenvalue for VPCA 2; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography chroma,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Minolta CM2600D with UV boost and specular component excluded earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography hue,sediment,null,degree,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Minolta CM2600D with UV boost and specular component excluded earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,430 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,520 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,620 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,690 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 400 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 580 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 600 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 680 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography wavelength,null,communality,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,null,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,derivative spectrum of smectite used to identify VPCA Component 3 earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography lightness,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Minolta CM2600D with UV boost and specular component excluded earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,530 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,540 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 490 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 550 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 570 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 630 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the VPCA Loading for 3; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,component rank of principal component analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,null,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,derivative spectrum of phycocyanin + phycoerythrin + goethite used to identify VPCA Component 2 earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography latitude,null,null,degree north,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,580 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,590 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,600 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,650 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,660 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 430 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography reflectance,sediment,null,percent per nanometer,null,paleoceanography,averaged,null,N,Derivative of 690 nm reflectance measurement earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the VPCA Loading for 1; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography principal component,null,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,Principal component associated with the VPCA Loading for 7; Varimax-rotated Principal Component Analysis earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,paleoceanography,null,principal component analysis,N,Sum of variance explained by individual components (percent) earth science paleoclimate paleocean physical properties geoscientificInformation 2008 AD cal yr BP -58 cal yr BP Complete 50 80 -135 130 Ocean Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean Bering Sea Bering Sea and Western Arctic>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Nwaodua, Emmanuel C. and Joseph D. Ortiz 2014 Journal of Sedimentary Research 84 729-742 10.2110/jsr.2014.57 Nwaodua, Emmanuel C., Joseph D. Ortiz, and Elizabeth M. Griffith 2014 Marine Geology 355 218-233 10.1016/j.margeo.2014.05.023

Visible and near-infrared (VNIR) derivative spectroscopy of diffuse spectral reflectance (DSR) data can be a potent method to extract lithological information from sediment cores. However, synthesis of multiple DSR data sets collected with different instruments from sediment obtained at different times could subject the DSR measurements to errors arising from disparity in depositional environment, sample processing methods, and storage conditions. Here we apply a quotient normalization technique to set these data in a common reference frame as a first step in our VNIR derivative spectroscopic analysis. The effectiveness of the quotient normalization technique is illustrated with samples from the Bering and west Arctic Sea shelves; this is because of access to sediment samples collected by several coring expeditions at different times in the past over a range of locations. DSR measurements were obtained from eleven groups of core samples processed under two conditions. Under one of the conditions, they were quotient normalized, while in the other, they were not. Lithological proxies in these cores, from both conditions, were extracted using varimax-rotated, principal-component analysis (VPCA). These lithologies are chlorite + muscovite, goethite + phycoerythrin + phycocyanin, smectite, calcite + dolomite, and illite + chlorophyll a. These lithological proxies were then plotted spatially using GIS kriging software. The spatial distributions of the VPCA extracted lithologies, under the two conditions, were compared with lithologies obtained by previous workers in the study site. The lithologies after quotient normalization were found to be more consistent with previously published results for clay mineralogy determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The quotient normalized data also showed a lower variance in the interpolated data sets relative to the second processing condition, which is the norm, used for comparison. We conclude that the quotient normalization technique is an effective scaling tool for minimizing errors from combining DSR data sets collected during multiple coring expeditions. STUDY NOTES: These are the reflectance data and varimax rotated principle component analysis from the coretop dataset in publications. Magnitudes of the correlations between each component spectrum and the derivative spectrum for a known assemblage: Correlation r-value VPCA1 vs. Chlorite+Muscovite 0.856 VPCA2 vs. Geothite+phycoerythrin+phycocyanin 0.838 VPCA3 vs. Smectite 0.753 VPCA4 vs. Calcite+Dolomite 0.909 VPCA5 vs. Illite+chl_a -0.891 Provided Keywords: Bering Sea, Western Arctic, Diffuse spectral reflectance , visible derivative spectroscopy, varimax-rotated principal component analysis, sediment provenance

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/nwaodua2014/nwaodua2014-variance.txt Formatted Text File; Rotated Variance explained GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/nwaodua2014/nwaodua2014-scores.txt Formatted Text File; VPCA Component Scores GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/nwaodua2014/NSF_Bering_W_Arctic_Nwaodua_Ortiz_2014.xlsx Originally Contributed Excel File; All Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/nwaodua2014/nwaodua2014-loadings.txt Formatted Text File; VPCA Component Loadings GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/nwaodua2014/nwaodua2014-reflect.txt Formatted Text File; Reflectance measurements USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11