noaa-ocean-19804 North Atlantic SST and Salinity Reconstructions over the Past Millennium Moffa-Sánchez, P.; Born, A.; Hall, I.R.; Thornalley, D.J.R.; Barker, S. North Atlantic SST and Salinity Reconstructions over the Past Millennium 2016-02-22 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19804 Investigator P. Moffa-Sánchez Investigator A. Born Investigator I.R. Hall Investigator D.J.R. Thornalley Investigator S. Barker earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography depth,null,null,millimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography delta 18O,Globorotalia inflata,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil SMOW,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,using G. inflata earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography magnesium/calcium,Globorotalia inflata,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography sea surface temperature,magnesium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,using Thornalley et al.(2009) earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography salinity,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea surface,null,practical salinity unit,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,using G. inflata earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography age,null,null,year Common Era,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate paleocean trace metals in carbonates earth science paleoclimate paleocean oxygen isotopes earth science paleoclimate paleocean reconstruction geoscientificInformation Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction 763 AD 1914 AD 1187 cal yr BP 36 cal yr BP Complete 57.507833 61.481667 -48.723333 -19.536 -3486 -2303 Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean RAPiD-35-25B>LATITUDE 57.507833>LONGITUDE -48.723333 Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean RAPiD-17-5P>LATITUDE 61.481667>LONGITUDE -19.536 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Moffa-Sanchez, P., A. Born, I.R. Hall, D.J.R. Thornalley, and S. Barker 2014 Nature Geoscience 7 275-278 10.1038/ngeo2094 http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/v7/n4/abs/ngeo2094.html

There were several centennial-scale fluctuations in the climate and oceanography of the North Atlantic region over the past 1,000 years, including a period of relative cooling from about AD 1450 to 1850 known as the Little Ice Age1. These variations may be linked to changes in solar irradiance, amplified through feedbacks including the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation2. Changes in the return limb of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation are reflected in water properties at the base of the mixed layer south of Iceland. Here we reconstruct thermocline temperature and salinity in this region from AD 818 to 1780 using paired d18O and Mg/Ca ratio measurements of foraminifer shells from a subdecadally resolved marine sediment core. The reconstructed centennial-scale variations in hydrography correlate with variability in total solar irradiance. We find a similar correlation in a simulation of climate over the past 1,000 years. We infer that the hydrographic changes probably reflect variability in the strength of the subpolar gyre associated with changes in atmospheric circulation. Specifically, in the simulation, low solar irradiance promotes the development of frequent and persistent atmospheric blocking events, in which a quasi-stationary high-pressure system in the eastern North Atlantic modifies the flow of the westerly winds. We conclude that this process could have contributed to the consecutive cold winters documented in Europe during the Little Ice Age. STUDY NOTES: Provided Keywords: Last millennium, Subpolar North Atlantic

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/moffa-sanchez2014-ngs/moffa-sanchez2014-ngs-17-5p.txt Formatted Text File; RAPiD-17-5P Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/moffa-sanchez2014-ngs/moffa-sanchez2014-ngs-35-25b.txt Formatted Text File; RAPiD-35-25B Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11