Late Miocene Global Cooling and the Rise of Modern Ecosystems

noaa-ocean-25390 Late Miocene to Present Global Ocean Alkenone and SST Reconstruction Data Herbert, T.D.; Lawrence, K.T.; Tzanova, A.; Peterson, L.C.; Caballero-Gill, R.P.; Kelly, C.S. Late Miocene to Present Global Ocean Alkenone and SST Reconstruction Data 2018-10-08 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25390 Investigator T.D. Herbert Investigator K.T. Lawrence Investigator A. Tzanova Investigator L.C. Peterson Investigator R.P. Caballero-Gill Investigator C.S. Kelly earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,SST calibration following F.G. Prahl et al. 1988; estimated earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography depth at sample end,null,null,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography depth at sample start,null,null,centimeter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography sample identification,null,null,null,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,C,Site earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,anomalized,null,N,SST anomaly relative to modern; backtraced for paleolatitude/longitude earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography age,null,null,calendar kiloyear before present,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography age,null,90% confidence interval margin of error,calendar kiloyear before present,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,SST calibration following P.J. Muller et al. 1998; estimated earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography depth,null,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,shipboard meters below sea floor earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography sea surface temperature,alkenone unsaturation index,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,anomalized,null,N,SST anomaly relative to modern; Muller calibration earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,C,section earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,C,hole name earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography notes,null,null,null,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,C,core earth science paleoclimate climate reconstructions|paleoceanography depth,null,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,composite depth earth science paleoclimate paleoceanography alkenone unsaturation index Uk37 prime,sediment,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,gas chromatography - flame ionization detection,N,GC-FID earth science paleoclimate paleocean biomarkers geoscientificInformation Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction 16036174 cal yr BP 100 cal yr BP Complete -45.52 69.25 -178.166 168.337 -4215 -1145 Ocean Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean ODP 850>LATITUDE 1.2972>LONGITUDE -110.5214 Ocean Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean ODP 883/884>LATITUDE 51.7>LONGITUDE 168.05 Ocean Atlantic Ocean South Atlantic Ocean ODP 1088>LATITUDE -41.14>LONGITUDE 13.56 Ocean Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean ODP 1010>LATITUDE 29.768>LONGITUDE -118.107 Ocean Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean ODP 1021>LATITUDE 39.088>LONGITUDE -127.783 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean ODP 1125>LATITUDE -42.55>LONGITUDE -178.166 Ocean Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean ODP 1338>LATITUDE 2.507817>LONGITUDE -117.969633 Ocean Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean ODP 887>LATITUDE 54.3655>LONGITUDE -148.4463 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean ODP 846>LATITUDE -3.095>LONGITUDE -90.81833 Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean ODP 982>LATITUDE 57.517>LONGITUDE -15.8665 Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean Mediterranean Sea Central/Southern Italy>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE Ocean Indian Ocean ODP 722>LATITUDE 16.6218>LONGITUDE 59.7953 Ocean Pacific Ocean South Pacific Ocean DSDP 594>LATITUDE -45.52>LONGITUDE -174.95 Ocean Atlantic Ocean South Atlantic Ocean ODP 1085>LATITUDE -29.37>LONGITUDE 13.6 Ocean Pacific Ocean Eastern Pacific Ocean ODP 1241>LATITUDE 5.842833>LONGITUDE -86.444667 Ocean Atlantic Ocean North Atlantic Ocean ODP 907>LATITUDE 69.25>LONGITUDE -12.7 Ocean Pacific Ocean North Pacific Ocean ODP 1208>LATITUDE 36.127>LONGITUDE 158.2016 None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Herbert, T.D., K.T. Lawrence, A. Tzanova, L.C. Peterson, R. Caballero-Gill, and C.S. Kelly 2016 Late Miocene Global Cooling and the Rise of Modern Ecosystems Nature Geoscience 9 843-847 10.1038/ngeo2813 Tzanova, A., T.D. Herbert, and L.C. Peterson 2015 Cooling Mediterranean Sea Surface Temperatures during the Late Miocene provide a climate context for evolutionary transitions in Africa and Eurasian flora and fauna Earth and Planetary Science Letters 419 71-80 10.1016/j.epsl.2015.03.016 Herbert, T.D., L.C. Peterson, K.T. Lawrence, and Z. Liu 2010 Tropical Ocean Temperatures over the Past 3.5 Myr Science 5985 328 1530-1534 10.1126/science.1185435 Cleaveland, L.C. and T.D. Herbert 2007 Coherent obliquity band and heterogeneous precession band responses in early Pleistocene tropical sea surface temperatures Paleoceanography 10.1029/2006PA001370 Lawrence, K.T., Z. Liu and T.D. Herbert 2006 Evolution of the Eastern Tropical Pacific Through Plio-Pleistocene Glaciation Science Cleaveland, L.C. and T.D. Herbert 2009 Preservation of the alkenone paleotemperature proxy in uplifted marine sequences: a test from the Vrica outcrop, Crotone, Italy Geology 37 179-182 10.1130/G25148A.1 Herbert, T.D., G. Ng, and L.C. Peterson 2014 Evolution of Mediterranean sea surface temperatures 3.5-1.5 ma: regional and hemispheric influences Earth and Planetary Science Letters 409 307-318 10.1016/j.epsl.2014.10.006 Emeis, K.-C., H. Schulz, U. Struck, M. Rossignol-Strick, H. Erlenkeuser, M.W. Howell, D. Kroon, A. Mackensen, S. Ishizuka, T. Oba, T. Sakamoto, and I. Koizumi 2003 Eastern Mediterranean surface water temperatures and d18O composition during deposition of sapropels in the late Quaternary Paleoceanography 18 1005 10.1029/2000PA000617 Emeis, K.-C., Sakamoto, T., Wehausen, R., and Brumsack, H.-J. 2000 The sapropel record of the eastern Mediterranean Sea - results of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 160 Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 158 371-395 10.1016/S0031-0182(00)00059-6 Lawrence, K.T., T.D. Herbert, C.M. Brown, M.E. Raymo, and A.M. Haywood 2009 High-amplitude variations in North Atlantic sea surface temperature during the early Pliocene warm period Paleoceanography 10.1029/2008PA001669 Clotten, C., R. Stein, K. Fahl, and S. De Schepper 2018 Seasonal sea ice cover during the warm Pliocene: Evidence from the Iceland Sea (ODP Site 907) Earth and Planetary Science Letters 481 61-72 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.10.011 Zhang, Y.G., M. Pagani, and Z. Liu 2014 A 12-Million-Year Temperature History of the Tropical Pacific Ocean Science 344 84-87 10.1126/science.1246172 Liu, Z. and T.D. Herbert 2004 High-latitude influence on the eastern equatorial Pacific climate in the early Pleistocene epoch Nature 10.1038/nature02338 Yongsong Huang, Steven C. Clemens, Weiguo Liu, Yi Wang, Warren L. Prell 2007 Large-scale hydrological change drove the late Miocene C4 plant expansion in the Himalayan foreland and Arabian Peninsula Geology 35 6 531-534 10.1130/G23666A.1 https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/geology/article-lookup/35/6/531 LaRiviere, J.P., A.C. Ravelo, A. Crimmins, P.S. Dekens, H.L. Ford, M. Lyle, and M.W. Wara 2012 Late Miocene decoupling of oceanic warmth and atmospheric carbon dioxide forcing Nature 486 97-100 10.1038/nature11200 Rommerskirchen, F., T. Condon, G. Mollenhauer, L. Dupont, and E. Schefuss 2011 Miocene to Pliocene development of surface and subsurface temperatures in the Benguela Current system Paleoceanography 26 10.1029/2010PA002074 Venti, N.L., K. Billups, and T.D. Herbert 2013 Increased sensitivity of the Plio-Pleistocene northwest Pacific to obliquity forcing Earth and Planetary Science Letters 384 121-131 10.1016/j.epsl.2013.10.007 Seki, O., D.N. Schmidt, S. Schouten, E.C. Hopmans, J.S. Sinninghe Damsté, and R.D. Pancost 2012 Paleoceanographic changes in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific over the last 10 Myr Paleoceanography 27 10.1029/2011PA002158 Rousselle, G., C. Beltran, M.-A. Sicre, I. Raffi, and M. De Rafelis 2013 Changes in sea-surface conditions in the Equatorial Pacific during the middle Miocene-Pliocene as inferred from coccolith geochemistry Earth and Planetary Science Letters 361 412-421 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.11.003

Determining the timing and amplitude of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) change is an important part of solving the puzzle of the Plio-Pleistocene ice ages. Alkenone-based tropical SST records from the major ocean basins show coherent glacial- interglacial temperature changes of 1° to 3°C that align with (but slightly lead) global changes in ice volume and deep ocean temperature over the past 3.5 million years. Tropical temperatures became tightly coupled with benthic d18O and orbital forcing after 2.7 million years. We interpret the similarity of tropical SST changes, in dynamically dissimilar regions, to reflect "top-down" forcing through the atmosphere. The inception of a strong carbon dioxide-greenhouse gas feedback and amplification of orbital forcing at ~2.7 million years ago connected the fate of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets with global ocean temperatures since that time. STUDY NOTES: Note: age models for Sites 907 and 982 refined following publication of Herbert et al., 2016 NGS Provided Keywords: Global ocean cooling, mid-Miocene to Present

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-dsdp594.txt NOAA Template File; DSDP 594 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp1085.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 1085 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp1125.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 1125 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp1010.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 1010 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp1088.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 1088 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp846.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 846 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-med.txt NOAA Template File; Mediterranean Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp887.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 887 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp907.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 907 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp1208.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 1208 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp982.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 982 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp850.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 850 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp883_884.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 883/884 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp1021.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 1021 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp1241.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 1241 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp1338.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 1338 Alkenone and SST Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/herbert2016/herbert2016-odp722.txt NOAA Template File; ODP 722 Alkenone and SST Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2019-06-24 2019-06-24