<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.8.4.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>noaa-ocean-9036</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Deep-Sea Ostracode Mg/Ca Data and Sea Level Reconstruction</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Dwyer, G.S.; Chandler, M.A.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Mid-Pliocene Atlantic Deep-Sea Ostracode Mg/Ca Data and Sea Level Reconstruction</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2009-01-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NCDC-Paleoclimatology</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Data_Presentation_Form>ONLINE Files</Data_Presentation_Form>
    <Dataset_DOI>Pending</Dataset_DOI>
    <Online_Resource>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9036</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>G.S.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Dwyer</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>M.A.</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Chandler</Last_Name>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea water temperature,magnesium/calcium,null,degree Celsius,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,bottom water temperature</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,meter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil SMOW,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,water mass factor</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 13C,Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi,null,per mil PDB,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil SMOW,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,corrected for water mass</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,corrected,null,N,corrected for water mass; meters above modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>magnesium/calcium,ostracod,null,dimensionless,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>age,null,null,radiocarbon year before present,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>sea level,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium,null,meter,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,meters above modern sea level</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>magnesium/calcium,ostracod,null,millimole per mole,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>climate reconstructions|paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>delta 18O,delta 18O|magnesium/calcium|sea water,null,per mil SMOW,null,climate reconstructions|paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleoceanography</Term>
    <Detailed_Variable>depth,null,null,centimeter,null,paleoceanography,null,null,N,null</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>trace metals in carbonates</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>oxygen isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>carbon isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>reconstruction</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>physical properties</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>earth science</Category>
    <Topic>paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>paleocean</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>age control</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>geoscientificInformation</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Sea Level Reconstruction</Keyword>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>3376242 14C yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>2915037 14C yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>3376242 cal yr BP</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>2915037 cal yr BP</Paleo_Stop_Date>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>Complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>3.72</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>41.000019</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-43.4889</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-32.950122</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>-3598</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>-3042</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Atlantic Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>North Atlantic Ocean</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>DSDP 607&gt;LATITUDE 41.000019&gt;LONGITUDE -32.950122</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Atlantic Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>North Atlantic Ocean</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>ODP 925&gt;LATITUDE 4.20415&gt;LONGITUDE -43.4889</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>Ocean</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>Atlantic Ocean</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>North Atlantic Ocean</Location_Subregion1>
    <Detailed_Location>ODP 926&gt;LATITUDE 3.72&gt;LONGITUDE -42.92</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Access_Constraints>None</Access_Constraints>
  <Use_Constraints>Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.</Use_Constraints>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce </Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>DATA Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>Bruce</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>Bauer</Last_Name>
      <Email>bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Email>paleo@noaa.gov</Email>
      <Phone>303-497-6280</Phone>
      <Fax>303-497-6513</Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>325 Broadway, E/NE31</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80305-3328</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>online</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Dwyer, G.S., and M.A. Chandler. 2009. Mid-Pliocene sea level and continental ice volume based on coupled benthic Mg/Ca palaeotemperatures and oxygen isotopes. Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A, 367, 157-168.</Reference>
  <Summary>
    <Abstract>Ostracode magnesium/calcium (Mg/Ca)-based bottom-water temperatures were combined with benthic foraminiferal oxygen isotopes in order to quantify the oxygen Q1 isotopic composition of seawater, and estimate continental ice volume and sea-level variability during the Mid-Pliocene warm period, ca 3.3-3.0 Ma. Results indicate that, following a low stand of approximately 65 m below present at marine isotope stage (MIS) M2 (ca 3.3 Ma), sea level generally fluctuated by 20-30 m above and below a mean value similar to present-day sea level. In addition to the low-stand event at MIS M2, significant low stands occurred at MIS KM2, (-40 m), G22 (-40 m) and G16 (-60 m). Six high stands of +10 m or more above present day were also observed; four events (+10, +25, +15 and +30 m) from MIS M1 to KM3, a high stand of +15 m at MIS K1, and a high stand of +25 m at MIS G17. These results indicate that continental ice volume varied significantly during the Mid-Pliocene warm period and that at times there were considerable reductions of Antarctic ice.</Abstract>
  </Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
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    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/dwyer2009</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
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    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/odp925-tab.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/dsdp607-tab.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>GET DATA</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sediment_files/complete/odp926-tab.txt</URL>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>Version 9.8.4</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2019-06-07</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2019-06-07</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
</DIF>
