noaa-other-20084 United Kingdom Bithynia opercula Amino Acid Racemization Data Penkman, K.E.H.; Preece, R.C.; Bridgland, D.R.; Keen, D.H.; Meijer, T.; Parfitt, S.A.; White, T.S.; Collins, M.J. United Kingdom Bithynia opercula Amino Acid Racemization Data 2016-04-22 NCDC-Paleoclimatology ONLINE Files Pending https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20084 Investigator K.E.H. Penkman Investigator R.C. Preece Investigator D.R. Bridgland Investigator D.H. Keen Investigator T. Meijer Investigator S.A. Parfitt Investigator T.S. White Investigator M.J. Collins earth science paleoclimate others geoscientificInformation 2800000 cal yr BP 0 cal yr BP Complete 50 54 -3 7 Continent Europe Northern Europe British Isles UKAAR>LATITUDE >LONGITUDE None Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site. English DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data DATA Center Contact Bruce Bauer bruce.a.bauer@noaa.gov paleo@noaa.gov 303-497-6280 303-497-6513

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Boulder CO 80305-3328 USA online ASCII Kirsty E. H. Penkman, Richard C. Preece, David R. Bridgland, David H. Keen, Tom Meijer, Simon A. Parfitt, Tom S. White, Matthew J. Collins 2011 Nature 476 7361 446-449 10.1038/nature10305 http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v476/n7361/full/nature10305.html Kirsty E.H. Penkman, Richard C. Preece, David R. Bridgland, David H. Keen, Tom Meijer, Simon A. Parfitt, Tom S. White, Matthew J. Collins 2013 Quaternary Science Reviews 61 111-134 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.046 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277379112004520

Marine and ice-core records show that the Earth has experienced a succession of glacials and interglacials during the Quaternary (last ~2.6 million years), although it is often difficult to correlate fragmentary terrestrial records with specific cycles. Aminostratigraphy is a method potentially able to link terrestrial sequences to the marine isotope stages (MIS) of the deep-sea record. We have used new methods of extraction and analysis of amino acids, preserved within the calcitic opercula of the freshwater gastropod Bithynia, to provide the most comprehensive data set for the British Pleistocene based on a single dating technique. A total of 470 opercula from 74 sites spanning the entire Quaternary are ranked in order of relative age based on the extent of protein degradation, using aspartic acid/asparagine (Asx), glutamic acid/glutamine (Glx), serine (Ser), alanine (Ala) and valine (Val). This new aminostratigraphy is consistent with the stratigraphical relationships of stratotypes, sites with independent geochronology, biostratigraphy and terrace stratigraphy. The method corroborates the existence of four interglacial stages between the Anglian (MIS 12) and the Holocene in the terrestrial succession. It establishes human occupation of Britain in most interglacial stages after MIS 15, but supports the notion of human absence during the Last Interglacial (MIS 5e). Suspicions that the treeless 'optimum of the Upton Warren interstadial' at Isleworth pre-dates MIS 3 are confirmed. This new aminostratigraphy provides a robust framework against which climatic, biostratigraphical and archaeological models can be tested. STUDY NOTES: Amino acid racemization (AAR) data on Bithynia opercula samples from a variety of sites in the British Isles and selected northern European stratotypes. D/L data for aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, alanine and valine, and [Ser]/[Ala] in Bithynia opercula.

GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/aar/penkman2011uk/penkman2011uk.xlsx Excel Data File; United Kingdom Bithynia opercula Amino Acid Racemization Data GET DATA https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/aar/penkman2011uk/penkman2011uk.txt Text Data File; United Kingdom Bithynia opercula Amino Acid Racemization Data USA/NOAA DIF Version 9.8.4 2018-12-11 2018-12-11